D. Cause and Effect.

A. Models:

1. Poor countries gain from growthbecause (since…, as …) economic growth is pulling millions out of poverty

2. Fast food availability causes (leads to …, results in …) high obesity rates

3. Individuals live for today because of (as a result of …, owing to …, on account of …, due to …) their myopic behavior.

4. Rich societies can foot the bill for medical advances. As a result, (so, therefore, for this reason, accordingly, …) they should be focused on rectifying specific social maladies.

E. Identify cause – effect relationships, taking the meaning from the text, for the items listed below:

1. Rising living standards

2. Addiction, obesity, family breakdown, mental disorders.

3. Far – sighted behaviour is eroded

4. Choice is fallible

5. Preference for time – using devices

6. Procrastination over decisions

7. Rising enrolment in higher education

8. Adopting new lifestyles

9. Investing in health

10. Rapid spead of television

11. Legislative changes

12. Rectifying social maladies

13. Rising expectations

14. Affluent economies

15. Poor countries

F. Write down all the problems the text mentions, grouping them into two columns. Can you suggest any more synonyms to the notions given below?

Myopic consumers	Far-sighted consumers
1. Imprudent consumers, 2.They obtain bitter fruits of affluence 3. … 4. …	1. Prudent consumers, 2.They succeed in meeting difficult challenges. 3. … 4. …

Based on your notes, write a summary of the text on behalf of either a myopic consumer or far – sighted one. Use cause and effect sentences, rewriting them so that they give the same information but using fewer words.

III. Vocabulary: Marketing expressions

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Keeping up with the Joneses?	\|	IV. Grammar Review: Modal verbs of advice, obligation, possibility and necessity

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