THE INDEFINITE FORM

The Indefinite form merely shows that the action takes place in the present, past or future. The form of the verb gives no indication as to its duration or completion.

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE

The formation of the Present Indefinite.

1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.

In the third person singular the ending ‑s is added. After a sibilant represented in spelling by s, ss, ch, sh, tch, x, z and after the vowel o, ‑es is added: he writes, he reads, he speaks; he passes, he pushes, he watches, he teaches; he goes, he does [dAz].

2. The pronunciation of the ending-s (-es) depends on the sound preceding it. It is pronounced as:

[Iz] after the sibilants [s], [z], [S], [C], [G]: passes ["pRsIz], pushes ["puSIz], teaches ["tJCIz], judges ["GAGIz];

[z] after voiced non-sibilants and vowels: reads [rJdz], lives [lIvz], sees [sJz];

[s] after voiceless non-sibilants: works [wWks], wants [wPnts].

3. In the third person singular we find the following orthographical change:

A final у is changed into i if it is preceded by a consonant and then ‑es is added: to study — he studies; to try —- he tries.

After a vowel у is kept unchanged: to play — he plays; to stay — he stays.

4. The interrogative and the negative forms are formed by means of the Present Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to do and the infinitive of the notional verb without the particle to.

Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
I work He works She works We work You work They work	Do I work? Does he work? Does she work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?	I do not work He does not work She does not work We do not work You do not work They do not work

5. The contracted negative forms are:

I don’t work

He doesn’t work

They don’t work

6. The negative-interrogative forms are:

{Do you not work?

Don’t you work?

{Does he not work?

Doesn’t he work?

Читайте також:

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
THE WORDS OF THE CATEGORY OF STATE	\|	The formation of the Future Indefinite in the Past.

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