Indirect exclamations.

When exclamations are converted into indirect speech, it is not so much the verb as the adverbial modifier which shows the character of the exclamation — whether it expresses joy, sorrow, surprise, etc.

She said, “How pleasant! Jane is going to spend a week with us!”	She cried joyfully (with joy, delightedly) that Jane was going to spend a week with them.
She said, “I am so sorry! Jane is leaving us!”	She said sadly (with deep sadness, sorrowfully) that Jane was leaving them.
She said, “I am sure we’ll never meet again.”	She said regretfully she was sure they would never meet again.
She saidto them, “I’m sure you’ll soon forget me.”	She said with bitterness that she knew (was sure) they would soon forget her.
She saidto him, “You are telling a lie!”	She cried indignantly (with indignation) that he was telling a lie.
She saidto him, “Do you mean to say you’ve already read all the books?”	She asked in surprise if he had really read all the books.
She saidto him, “Excuse me for disturbing you.”	She apologized(to him) for disturbing him.
She saidto him, “Beg your pardon, I’ve forgotten to bring you the book.”	She begged his pardonfor having forgotten to bring the book.
She saidto him, “Do forgive me for what I’ve done.”	She begged his forgiveness(implored him to forgive her) for what she had done.
She saidto them, “Thank you for your help.”	She thankedthem (expressed her gratitude to them) for their help.

Greetings and leave-taking in indirect speech.

When converting greetings and leave-taking into indirect speech, we use such verbs as to greet, to welcome, etc.

She said to them, “How do you do?”	She greetedthem.
He said to them, “Happy to see you at my place.”	He welcomedthem.
He said to them, “Good-bye!”	He badethem good-bye.
He said to them, “Good night!”	He wishedthem good night.

Chapter XX

PUNCTUATION

§ 1. The stops show the grammatical relations between words, phrases, clauses, and sentences; besides they serve to emphasize particular words and to indicate intonation. Thus the use of stops is mainly regulated by syntactical relations: the structure of the sentence (simple, compound, complex), the function of the word or word-group in a sentence or clause, the way coordinate clauses are linked, and the types of subordinate clauses.

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