Explain what is meant by the following statements

1. A phoneme is a dialectal unity of material, abstractional and functional aspects.

2. The boundary line between combinatory and positional allophones is not clear cut.

3. If an allophone of the phoneme is replaced by another allophone of the same phoneme the pronunciation error is phonetic. If an allophone of the phoneme is replaced by an allophone of a different phoneme the pronunciation error is phonological.

4. Phonemic distinction is important for lexical and grammatical meaning. Social information about the speaker comes from phonetic distinction.

Practical tasks

Read the pairs below. Single out the phonemes which are contrasted.

pack — back; keen — coin; sent — send; lay — lie; degree — decree; curt — coat; art — out; do — zoo; birch — bird; vice — rice; pin — thin; pot — part; make — shake; near — hear; cab — curb; pull — pearl; deep — dip; mouse — mouth; daily — daisy; week — work.

Match the words below to obtain minimal pairs.

catch, pip, cheap, sap, he, jail, lap, pair, say, sink, rip, fail, lass, Sam, mink, cap, tear, she, lay, heap, match.

cart, wart, Boz, caught, don, what, bars, cod, card, down, cot, cord.

TEST

Choose the odd variant.

The statement that the phoneme really exists in actual speech in the material form of speech sounds which have definite articulatory and acoustic features, independent of the will of individual members of a given language community reflects that:

the phoneme is a material unit;

the phoneme is a real unit;

the phoneme is an objective unit;

the phoneme is an abstractional unit.

There are the following types of distribution:

multiple;

complementary;

contrastive;

free variation.

3.The following terms are used to denote types of phonemic variants:

a)principle;

b)combinatory;

c)positional;

d)secondary.

4.The articulatory features which form the invariant of the phoneme may be called:

a)relevant;

b)redundant;

c)distinctive;

d)phonological

Agree or disagree with the statements and correct the false ones.

1.The number of actually pronounced speech sounds is much greater than the number of phonemes.

2.Individual variations of pronunciation are determined by different styles of pronunciation.

3.Allophones of one phoneme can occur in one and the same phonetic context and can differentiate meaning.

4.A phoneme can perform its distinctive function if it is opposed to another phoneme in different phonetic environments.

5.If an allophone of one phoneme is changed for an allophone of another phoneme the mistake is phonetic.

6.The cases of assimilation serve the basis for the phonological oppositions.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Allophones and phones.	\|	Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words or word combinations.

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