Enlargement

The most typical form is an Adjective. We call this “enlargement”, because an adjective, according to the definition given, is a word that adds to or enlarges the meaning of a noun or pronoun.

The following is a list of the various forms in which an “enlargement” can be expressed. The list is long, but there is no need to commit it to memory.

(1) Adjective. – Just men deserve to prosper.

(2) Participle. – A fertilising shower fell to-day.

(3) Qualifying Infin. – Water to drink is scarce in this place.

(4) Noun in the Genitive or Possessive Adj. – Your teacher has come.

(5) Noun used as Adj. – The village school opens to-day.

(6) Gerund used as Adj. – Drinking water is scarce here.

(7) Prep, with object. – A man of virtue does not tell lies.

(8) Adverb with Def. article. – The then king died suddenly.

(9) Noun in Apposition. – Charles, my son, has come.

(10) Noun-clause in Appos. – The rumour, that he was dead, is false.

(11) Adjective-clause. – The house, in which we live, has been sold.

Finite Verb

This is the chief part of the predicate, and, when the verb is Intransitive and requires no Complement, it can be the only part; as “Hogs grunt”.

If the tense or mood of the Finite verb is formed, not by inflection, but by the help of one or more of the six Auxiliary verbs, remember that the Auxiliary verb or verbs and the Principal verb together make up the “Finite verb”.

But if the previous verb is not Auxiliary, as “will”, for instance, when it occurs in the first person of the Future tense, in such a sentence “will” alone makes the Finite verb and the Noun-Infinitive that follows is its Object.

Object, Direct or Indirect

The different forms in which a Direct object can be expressed are the same as those in which the Nominative can be expressed.

(1) Noun. – The snake bit the man.

(2) Adj., used as Noun. – He satisfied the public.

(3) Pronoun. – My friend will not deceive me.

(4) Noun Infinitive. – He deserves to succeed.

(5) Gerund. – He likes riding.

(6) Noun-phrase. – We did not know how to do it.

(7) Noun-clause. – We do not know who he is.

There are only two forms in which an Indirect object can be expressed, viz. a noun or some personal pronoun:

He gave James a book. (Transitive verb)

He overslept himself. (Intransitive verb)

Complement

The following are the various forms in which a Complement can be expressed. The student will no doubt remember from what he has learnt that a verb followed by a Complement may be either Transitive or Intransitive, the Complement in the former case being objective, in the latter subjective.

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