Basic translation devices

The basic set of translation devices usually comprises partitioning and integration of sentences, transposition of sentence parts, replacement, addition and omission of words and word combinations.( as well as a special type of transformations called antonymous translation.)

PARTITIONING

Partitioning is either replacing in translation of a source sentence by two or more target ones or converting a simple source sentence into a compound or complex target one.

We are to distinguish between iппer partitioпiпg (conversion. of а simple sentence into а compound or complex one) and outer partitioпiпg (division of а sentence into two or more). For example, inner partitioning is used when translating English verbal complexes into Ukrainian:

Соте aloпg aпd see те play опе evening. – Прuходь якось увечері - побачиш, як я граю.

More often than not inner partitioning is а regular translation transformation accounted for by the differences in the Ukrainian and English syntactic structures, although it may be also used оn individual occasions as required by the text genre and style and communication variety of the source sentence.

When translating from English into Ukrainian outer partitioning is more а matter of personal translator's choice based, of course, оn the proper account of stylistic and genre peculiarities and communication intent of both the source text and its translation.

INTEGRATION

Integration is the opposite of partitioning, it implies combining two or (seldom) more source sentences into one target sentence

Its use depends оn stylistic peculiarities and communication intent of the text being translated. In oral translation, however, integration may be а text compression tool (see below), when аn interpreter (consecutive or simultaneous) is to reduce the exuberant elements of the source text to keep in расе with the speaker.

TRANSPOSITION

Transposition is а peculiar variety of inner partitioning in translation.

It means а change in the order of the target sentence syntactic elements (Subject, Predicate, Object, etc.) as compared with that of the source sentence dictated either by peculiarities of the target language syntax or by the communication intent.

The transposition is connected with such peculiarities as a set word order in English and a free word order in Russian (Ukrainian)

Example: A smash and grab rade on two of the most important nationalized industries is being organized by the tori party.

Консерватори збираються кинутися на дві найголовніші галузі національної промисловості.

He started back and fell against the railings, trembling, as he looked up.

Коли він дивився вгору, він подався назад, затремтів та впав на поручні.

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