Analysis

The research approach used in phenomenographic research is a case of a general methodology called contextual analysis (Marton & Svensson 1979). In contextual analysis, the studied phenomenon is treated as a whole, and parts are discerned within this whole. These parts are regarded as being dependent of each other for their meaning. The internal relations between parts, as well as the internal relations between parts and wholes, are seen as central in the analysis. To do a contextual analysis means to start from an understanding of what is the phenomenon to be investigated. In the present investigation the phenomenon is the relation between a student’s use of studio conversations and his/her relation to the own artwork. The context is the activity and situation of the student. Most forms of qualitative analysis starts with individual data as meaning units, categorize and group them into bigger meaning units in an inductive way. In contextual analysis we start with the data delimited as being about the whole phenomenon investigated, and search for main parts of the phenomenon, main aspects and/or components, and the relations between those parts. The analysis is a case based analysis, in the sense described by Miles and Huberman, in contrast to a variable based analysis.

There is a difference, in principle, between starting from already discerned categories (meanings) within aspects (variables) and relating those to each other, and finding internal relations by discerning meanings within aspects interdependently. The contextual analysis started from the whole of each student’s relation to use of studio conversations and to their artwork, to find meaningful relations between these two aspects. The aim was to explore and interpret how the two identified main aspects were related, through finding specific contents within the aspects that were meaningfully related. This was done based on individual students’ reports of developments within the two aspects. The description of the relation between students’ approaches to their artwork and to studio conversations is an interpretation of the students’ statements about their artwork and their studies. The interpretation was not explicitly given by the students. It is the researchers’ interpretation.

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