Classification of the epithets
1. The semantic approach:
a) associated epithets: dark forest, dreary midnight, fantastic terrors
b) unassociated epithets: heart-breaking smile, bootless cries, sullen earth, voiceless sands
2. The structural approach:
a) simple epithets: ordinary adjectives “darkforest”
b) compound epithets: sylph-like figures, curly-headed, mischief-making
c) phrase, or sentence epithets: do-it-yourself attitude, go-it-alone, mystery-making, a well-that’s-the-story-what-are-we-going-to-do-about-it
d) reversed epithets: the shadow of a smile, a little Flying Dutchman of a cab, a
dog of a fellow
3. Distributional approach:
a) string of epithets: “Such was the background of the wonderful, cruel, enchanting, bewildering, fatal, great city”
b) transferred epithets: sleepless pillow, restless pace, unbreakfasted morning, merry hours, a disapproving finger, indifferent shoulders
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