TEST. STYLISTIC SYNTAX

1. Elliptical sentences and nominal sentences

a) perform the same function b) perform different functions

2. Asyndeton is used

a) to accelerate the tempo of the speech

b) to characterize the emotional state of the speaker

c) to impart expressiveness to the speech

3. Aposiopesis is

a) a case when the speaker does not bring the utterance up to the end being overwhelmed by emotions

b) a deliberate abstention from bringing the utterance up to the end

c) a case when the speaker does not want to finish the sentence or cannot finish the sentence being overwhelmed by emotions

4. Anadiplosis is based

a) upon the absence of the indispensable elements in the sentence

b) upon the interaction of syntactical structures

c) upon the excessive use of syntactical elements

5. In case of inversion the emphasized elements occupy

a) the initial position

b) the final position instead of the initial position

c) either initial position or final position instead of the initial position

6. Parallelism is used

a) to make the recurring parts more conspicuous than their surroundings

b) to make the speech expressive

7. Anaphora is used

a) to express the speaker's attitude toward the object of speech

b) to imprint the elements repeated in the reader's mind

c) to create poetic atmosphere

8. The syntactical device used to reproduce used to reproduce two parallel lines of thought is termed

a) detachment b) parenthesis c) anadiplosis

9. The simplest variety of repetition is just

a) repeating a word, a group of words, or a whole sentence

b) repetition in which a word or a group of words concluding a sentence recur at the beginning of the next segment

10.Ellipsis is

a) the omission of conjunctions c) the excessive use of conjunctions

b) all sorts of omission in a sentence d) opposition or contrast

PART IX

PHONETIC EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES

Onomatopoeia

• Onomatopoeia is a combination of speech-sounds which aims at imitating sounds produced in nature. Combinations of speech sounds of this type will inevitably be associated with whatever produces the natural sound. Therefore the relation between onomatopoeia and the phenomenon it is supposed to represent is one of metonymy.

Alliteration

• Alliteration is a phonetic stylistic device which aims at imparting a melodic effect to the utterance. The essence of this device lies in the repetition of similar sounds, in particular consonant sounds, in close succession, particularly at the beginning of successive words.

Rhyme

• Rhyme is the repetition of identical or similar terminal sound combinations of words. Rhyming words are generally placed at a regular distance from each other. In verse they are usually placed at the end of the corresponding lines.

Rhythm

• Rhythm exists in all spheres of human activity and assumes multifarious forms. It is a mighty weapon in stirring up emotions whatever its nature or origin, whether it is musical, mechanical, or symmetrical, as in architecture.

Consider your answers to the following questions:

1. What is the object of phonostylistics?

2. What is phonetic meaning?

3. What is the expressive potential of a sound?

4. Give your own examples to illustrate onomatopoeia, alliteration, rhyme, rhythm.

PART X

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