Drilling Equipment

Oil is contained in rocks under the ground and in rocks under the sea. To find it, oilmen have to drill boreholes. The equipment for drilling these holes is the drilling rig. Drilling preparation include selection of location for the drilling rig, construction of an access road, arrangement of power supply, water supply and communication system. If local relief is uneven, then wellpad must be leveled.

Rigging derrick and equipment up is performed in compliance with established for specific conditions deployment chart. Equipment must be located in a way, which provides for safe operations, suitable maintenance, low cost of construction and rigging operations and compactness in location of all drilling rig components. Most rigs work on the rotary system. A bit rotates at the end of a pipe. As the bit rotates, it cuts and crushes the rock at the bottom of the hole. The cuttings are carried to the surface by a special fluid. This fluid is called "mud". Mud is a mixture of clay, water and chemicals.

Mud is not only used for carrying the cuttings up to the surface. It is also used for keeping the bit cool. The mud is pumped down through the string. It comes back up again through the annulus. The mud engineer or "mud man" is in charge of the mud. For example, he tells the crew how to mix the mud at the mud tanks.

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenic_petroleum_origin#Hydrogen_generation

[2] Фото: « Сахалин Энерджи Инвестмент Компани Лтд», 2009.

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