AT THE GYNECOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

At the Gynecological Department women who suffer from

vaginitis, endometriosis, infertility and other diseases are treated.

To improve and maintain a healthy reproductive system, it is important for a woman to be aware of healthful behaviours and risk behaviours that affect this system.

Cancer of the breast is the most common form of cancer in women. Most cases of breast cancer occur after age 25, although some cases have been reported in younger women. Because breast cancer is a major risk to health, women are encouraged to perform breast self-examination. In breast self-examination, a woman checks her breasts to detect the presence of a lump. This examination should be done once a month after each menstrual period. If breast cancer is suspected, a mammogram may be ordered. A mammogram is an X-ray examination of the breasts. Another procedure used is thermography. Thermography is a process used to detect heat in the body. Because cancer cells multiply rapidly, they produce heat. Thermography can detect cancer in a breast.

If cancer in a breast is detected, treatment and cure may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy or surgery. A combination of the three may be used. The treatment recommended will vary with the patient.

A pap smear is a simple test in which cells from the cervix are examined in a laboratory for cancer. If cervical cancer is detected, options are available ,depending on the extent of the cancer. If surgery is necessary, a hysterectomy may be performed. A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. Sometimes, surgical removal of the ovaries is necessary. Scheduling a pap smear at least once a year is a wise, preventive measure. It is important to remember about early detection of cancer. The earlier cancer is detected, the greater the success of treatment and cure.

Vaginitis is an inflammation or irritation in the vagina. It may result from changes in the chemical makeup of the lining of the vagina. These changes may be due to the prolonged use of medication or other factors that result in certain bacteria growing too rapidly. Some forms of vaginitis may result from sexual contact. Vaginitis can be treated and cured with medication. It can be prevented by practicing proper hygiene.

Sometimes, the tissue that is normally part of the menstrual flow is found grown outside the uterus. The condition is endometriosis and is often associated with infertility.

Ex. 3. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:

associated with infertility; maintain a healthy reproductive system; affect this system; the most common form of cancer; after each menstrual period; cells from the cervix; surgical removal of the uterus; preventive measure; result from sexual contact; outside the uterus.

Ex.4. Suggest the English equivalents:

рак молочної залози; самообстеження молочних залоз; виявити наявність пухлини; мамографія; термографія; променева терапія; мазок; швидкий ріст деяких бактерій; лікувати медикаментозно; дотримуватись необхідної гігієни; пов’язують з безпліддям.

Ex.5. Fill in:

1. Cancer of the breast is the most … form of cancer in women. 2. Most cases of breast cancer occur after age …. 3. This examination should be done once a … after each menstrual period. 4. Thermography is a process used to detect ... in the body. 5. Thermography can detect … in a breast. 6. The treatment recommended will … with the patient. 7. A pap… is a simple test in which cells from the cervix are examined in a laboratory for cancer.

Ex.6. Answer the questions to the text:

1. When do most cases of breast cancer occur? 2. What do the women check in breast self-examination? 3. How often should this examination be done? 4. What is a mammogram? 5. What is used to detect heat in the body? 5. What operation is performed if surgery is necessary? 6. What is vaginitis? 7. How can vaginitis be treated and cured? 8. What is endometriosis often associated with?

Ex.7. Be ready to speak about:

1. Teach a woman to perform breast self-examination.

2. Explain the necessity of self-examination and a pap smear.

3. Define the terms “infertility” ,"vaginitis", "endometriosis",

"hysterectomy",” mammogram”.

GRAMMAR. INFINITIVE.

Вживається з часткою to: to write, to read, to go. Частка to не вживається після модальних дієслів і таких, як to watch, to hear, to feel,to let, to make і деяких інших.

Форми інфінитива
	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking	-
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
Perfect Continuous	to have been asking	-
Зверніть увагу на значення різних форм інфінітива
А c t i v e	Indefinite	I am (always) glad to help you.	Я радий (завжди) допомогтивам.
Continuous	I am glad to be helping you now.	Я радий, що допомагаювам зараз.
Perfect	I am glad to have helped you.	Я радий, що допомігвам.
Perfect Continuous	I am glad to have been helping you since morning.	Я радий, що допомагаювам з ранку.
P a s s i v e	Indefinite	I am (always) glad to be helped.	Я (завжди) радий, коли мені допомагають.
Perfect	I am glad to have been helped.	Я радий, що мені допомогли.

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