GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise I.Read about the most important IMO’s Conventions. Explain the form of the verbs in italics.

SOLAS – The first conference organized by IMO in 1960 was concerned with maritime safety. That conference adopted the International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea. The SOLAS Convention covered a wide range of measures designed to improve the safety of shipping. They included subdivision and stability; machinery and electrical installations; fire protection, detection and extinction; life-saving appliances; radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony; safety of navigation; carriage of grain; carriage of dangerous goods; and nuclear ships. IMO adopted a new version of SOLAS in 1974. Other safety-related conventions adopted by IMO include the International Convention on Load Lines; the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships; the Convention on International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG) which made traffic separation schemes adopted by IMO mandatory and considerably reduced the number of collisions in many areas; and the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue.

MARPOL– In 1973 the first ever comprehensive anti-pollution convention the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships was adopted. The MARPOL Convention deals not only with pollution by oil, but also pollution from chemicals, other harmful substances, garbage and sewage. It greatly reduces the amount of oil which may be discharged into the sea by ships, and bans (запрещать) such discharges completely in certain areas. The most important and far reaching of these is the International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code.

INMARSAT – In 1976 IMO adopted the Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) and its Operating Agreement. The Convention came into force in July 1979 and later resulted in the establishment of the International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO).

ISM Code – Statistics say that about 80% of all shipping accidents are caused by people. The ISM Code provides tools to prevent accidents, injures, and pollution caused by poor management and human mistakes. Objectives of the ISM Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment.

Exercise II.Read principal recommendations and codes adopted by IMO over the years. Translate paying attention to N1+N2.

1. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. 2. Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes. 3. International Code of Signals. 4. Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. 5. Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes. 6. Code of Safety for Fishermen and Fishing Vessels. 7. Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk. 8. International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures. 9. Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units. 10. Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships. 11. Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships. 12. Code of Safety for Special-Purpose Ships.
13. International Gas Carrier Code. 14. International Bulk Chemicals Code.
15. Code of Safety for Diving Systems. 16. International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk. 17. International Safety Management Code. 18. International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft. 19. Life-Saving Appliance Code.

Exercise III.Find the meaning of following verbs (Приложение A) and make up 5 your own sentences using them.

To be in charge, to be busy with, to be responsible for, to carry out, to refer to, to rely on, to influence, to impact on, to face with, to find out, to follow.

Exercise IV.Sum up all information you have learnt from the text and exercises and tell about IMO Convention.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
THE SEA FISHING PORT OF SEVASTOPOL	\|	SAFE OPERATION OF THE SHIP

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