Special colloquial vocabulary (slang, jargonisms, professionalisms, dialectal words, vulgar words, colloquial coinages)

_Slang_{is a part of a vocabulary consisting of commonly understood and widely used words of humorous or derogatory character. They are intensional substitutes for neutral or elevated words or expressions.}

_{The phsycological reason of existence for such words is in the striving novality of expression. It is popular with younger generation.}

_{Lexicologists say yhat there are 30 or 40 slang synonyms for the word “food”, “money”}

_·_{Food = chunk, chow, grub, hush}

_·_{Money = jack, ttin, brass, off, slippery stuff}

_{Professionalisms}_{are a group of words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home.}

_{The main feature of professionalisms is their technicality. They fulfill a socially useful function in communication, facilitating a quick and adequate grasp of the message.}

_·_{Driller = borer, digger, wrencher, hagger, brake weight}

_·_{Pipeliner = swabber, bender, cat, old cat, collar-pecker}

_·_{Geologist = smeller, pebble pup, rock hound, witcher}

_{Some professionalisms, like certain terms, become popular and gradually lose their prof. flavor.}

_Jargonisms_{are the part of vocabulary consisting of words used by a limited number of group of people united socially (jargonisms proper).}

_{They are social in character. They are not regional. In GB and the USA almost any social group of people has its own jargon. The following jargons are well known in the Eng vocabulary: the jargon of thieves and vagabonds, generally known as cant; the jargon of sportsmen etc.}

_·_{A tiger hunter =gambler}

_·_{A lexer=student preparing for a law course}

_·_{A loaf = a head}

_·_Grease=money

D) Dialectal words

Dialectal words are those which in the process of integration of the English national language remained beyond its literary boundaries, and their use is generally confined to a definite locality. There sometimes is confusion between the terms dialectal, slang and vernacular. All these groups when used in emotive prose are meant to characterize the speaker as a person of a certain locality, breeding, education, etc.

Some dialectal words are universally accepted as recognized units of the standard colloquial English. Of quite a different nature are dialectal words which are easily recognized as corruptions of standard English words. Dialectal words are only to be found in the style of emotive prose, very rarely in other styles. And even here their use is confined to the function of characterizing personalities through their speech.

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