Word stress in disyllabic and polysyllabic words may be defined as a greater degree of prominence given to one or more of its syllables. In English this greater degree of prominence is affected mainly by a general increase in the force of articulation. The greater force of articulation is accompanied by an increase in the length of the sounds, especially vowels in the stressed syllable; and by making their quality distinct, e.g.: ‘import (n), im’port (v).
Word stress may distinguish a free syntactical combination of words from a compound word, e.g.: a ‘blackboard, a ‘black ‘board.
Word stress should be considered from the point of view of its place in the word, and the degree of force, with which the stressed syllable is articulated. As to the place of stress in English words it is relatively free, e.g.: ‘morning, be’fore.
As to the word stress, there are two degrees, generally distinguished in English words of four or more syllables. They are primary (or strong stress) or secondary (or weak stress), e.g.: e,xami’nation; ,funda’mental.
Primary stress is indicated by the stress mark at the top; and secondary – at the bottom.
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