III. Words with Primary and Secondary Stresses

The presence and the position of the secondary stress in English words are determined by two main factors: the number of syllables in a word and the place of the primary stress.The following rules should be observed:

§ All English words of more than three syllables with the primary stress on the third or fourth syllables from the beginning have a secondary stress, e.g.: e,xami’nation, ,conver’sation.

§ Words of three or more syllables in which the primary stress falls on the first or second syllable are pronounced without secondary stress, e.g.: ‘separate.

§ In words where the primary stress falls on the third syllable from beginning the secondary stress usually falls on the first syllable, e.g.: ,corres’pond.

§ All English words with the primary stress on the fourth or fifth syllable from the beginning have a secondary stress on the syllable on which the primary stress falls in the original words, e.g.: in’vestigate – in,vesti’gation.

When the original word has both a primary and a secondary stress, the secondary stress in the derivative word remains on the same syllable while the primary stress changes its place and falls on the syllable immediately preceding the suffix, e.g.: ,reco’mmend– ,recommen’dation. These suffixes are: -tion, -ity, -ial, -al, -ual, -ical, -ious, -ian, -ous.

§ In words pronounced with the primary and secondary stresses and formed with the help of suffixes which do not take the primary stress both the primary and the secondary stress remain on the same syllable on which they were in the original words, e.g.: ,revo’lution – ,revo’lutionary. These suffixes are: -ary, -ory, -ize, -ic, -ing, -ent, -c(y), -or, -ive.

§ In words pronounced with a primary and a secondary stress and formed with prefixes which have a definite distinct meaning both the primary and the secondary stress remain on the same syllable on which they were in the original words, e.g.: ,possi’bility – im,possi’bility.

IV. Words with Two Primary Stresses

Most English words which have two primary stresses are formed with the help of prefixes or suffixes. One of the two primary stresses falls on the root syllable, the other – on the suffix or prefix, e.g.: ’Chi’nese, ‘trus’tee.

Numerals from thirteen to nineteen are pronounced with two primary stresses. The first primary stress falls on the root syllable and the second primary stress – on the suffix -teen, e.g.: ‘nine’teen.

Words with separable prefixes have also two primary stresses. They are as follows: an-, dis-, non-, in-, il-, ex-, under-, etc.

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