There are two fundamental approaches in linguistic science to the study of language material: synchronic(from Greek syn - «together with» and chronos - «time»)and the diachronic(from Greek dia - «through» and chronos - «time»).
We should also distinguish historical lexicologyoretymology (which aims at origin of various words, their change and development and investigates the linguistic and extra-linguistic forces modifying their structure, meaning and usage) and descriptive or modern language lexicology (which deals with the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development).
The former approach can be referred to as diachronic. The latter can be referred to as synchronic.
Thus historical or diachronic lexicology makes a study of the vocabulary in its development; descriptive or synchronic lexicology describes one conventional historical stage in the development of language
Lecture 2.Ways of Enriching Vocabulary. Word-building.
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