Fluorine may be recovered with difficulty as a highly reactive and corrosive pale yellow gas by electrolysis of hot molten mixtures (1:2) of potassium fluoride (KF) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). The electrolyte is corrosive, and so is the product. It is difficult for storage as it reacts with most materials but steel and Monel metal containers may be used as that metal surfaces are deactivated through the formation of unreactive surface fluorides.
Electrolyte is used is a molten mixture KF.HF (at 240 oC), material of anode - Cu (CuF2 film on the surface protects it against subsequent oxidation).
Conditions of industrial production are as follows:
t = 80-120oC KH2F3 (KF∙2HF)
t = 240-300oC KHF2 (KF∙HF)
anode: graphite cathode: steel
3HF H2F++HF-
(ionisation of the molten HF)
Cathode Anode
2H2F++2e-=2HF +H2↑ 2HF2 — 2e-= 2HF+F2
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