A. DEFACE

B. BEADED

C. BEGGED

D. DECADE

READING COMPREHENSION

Ex.3.&You are going to read a text about a sound as the material of music. Five sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from the sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (1-5). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

A. Thus the 'colour' of a note enables us to distinguish between various instruments playing the same tune.

B. They are tuning their instruments to a note which has (or should have) 440 vibrations per second.

C. Many musicians have absolute pitch.

D. Good intonation, that is, being in tune (pitching the notes accurately), has of course capital importance for the musician (not to say his listeners).

E. In doing this, we are unconsciously selecting three characteristics of a sound: pitch, volume, and quality.

F. A note is a regular vibration of the air, which musicians create with musical instruments or with their voices.

MUSIC

MUSICIANS MAKE MUSIC by carefully organizing sounds into a regular, pleasing pattern that anyone can appreciate. Notes are the starting point for all music. ______1____ If the vibration is regular, the resulting sound is 'musical' and represents a note of a definite pitch; if it is irregular the result is noise.

Every sound has three characteristic properties. Let us take an everyday example. When walking along the street we hear several sounds at the same time; cars, motorbikes, airplanes, radios, people walking and talking, simultaneously produce sounds of higher and lower, louder and softer degrees. With our ear we automatically distinguish between the highness of a child's voice and the lowness of a man's, the loudness of a passing plane and the hum of traffic, and we know whether the tune coming from the radio is played on the trumpet or a violin. ______2____

Pitch.Perception of pitch means the ability to distinguish the highness and the lowness of a musical sound. That its pitch is high or low depends on the frequency (number of vibrations per second)of the vibrating body. The higher the frequency of a sound, the higher is its pitch, the lower the frequency, the lower its pitch.

Volume. We have seen that the pitch of a note depends entirely on the frequency of its vibration. The volume of a note depends on the amplitude of the vibration. More (or less) intensive vibration produces louder (or softer) sounds.

Quality.Quality (or in French, timbre) defines the difference in tone colour between a note played on different instruments or sung by different voices. ______3____

When we go to a concert hall, before the concert begins, we notice that at a given moment the musicians of the orchestra or ensemble adjust their instruments to a note played by the principal oboe or first violinist. ______4____ This standard pitch was accepted by most of the Western nations at an international conference in 1939.

______5____. But what happens acoustically when we notice uneasily that something is wrong during a performance, that someone is playing too high or too low? We commonly say that the player is out of tune. What actually happens is this: if two notes have the same frequency, for example 440, we now that they have the same pitch, and so they are in unison.

Ex.4.Explain the following terms:

· principal oboe

· pitch

· note

· quality

· to play out of tune

· volume

· absolute pitch

· standard pitch

Ex.5. Match the words from column A with the words from column B so that they could make set phrases or be word partners. Make up your own sentences using these word combinations.

A B

1. regular a) pitch

2. tone b) sound

3. musical c) vibration

4. principal d) colour

5. standard e) oboe

Ex.6. Decide which of the statements below are True (T) and which are False (F). Correct the false sentences.

1. Musicians organize sounds into a regular pattern. ( )

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
A. FACE	\|	The more rapid the vibration, the lower the pitch of the note. ( )

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