Isaac Newton and Wilhelm Leibniz

These two genius are placed together as they are both often given the honour of being the ²inventor² of modern infinitesimal calculus, and as such have both made monolithic contributions to the field.

Gottfried W. Leibniz was born at Leipzig on the first of July 1646.

He entered the University of Leipzig when he was fifteen as a law student.

In 1666, he applied for ²Doctor of Law² degree in the University of Leipzig and aimed to obtain the post of assessor. Subsequently, Leibniz joined University of Altdorf.

In mathematics, his field of interest was theology but he then invented the calculus.

In 1674, he started working on calculus and by 1677. He had made a coherent system, which he published only in 1684. Later the publication of papers in a journal between 1682-1692 enhanced his mathematical and scientific reputation.

He is one of the most productive inventors of mechanical calculators and was the first who described a pinwheel calculator that was designed to perform the operations of multiplication, addition and subtraction, division and root extraction.

Leibniz’s mathematical notation was used ever since it was published. The binary number system advanced by him laid down the foundation for the digital computers

Gottfried W. Leibniz died on 14 November 1716 because of deteriorated health.

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in the hamlet of Wools Thorpe, Lincolnshire, England.

He was enrolled at the King’s School in Grantham, a town in Lincolnshire where he got his basic education.

He had innate intellectual abilities, Newton graduated Trinity College, at Cambridge. After getting his bachelor’s degree in 1665, he studied mathematics, physics, optics and astronomy on his own (Cambridge was closed for a couple years due to the Black Death plague). By 1666, he had completed his early work on his three laws of motion. Later he got his master’s degree.

Among his biggest ²inventions² was calculus.

Along with Gottfried Leibniz, Newton invented the infinitesimal calculus. His work helped in advancing every branch of mathematics. He is also appreciated for the generalized binomial theorem that is valid for any exponent. He is therefore one of the greatest mathematicians of all the time.

He was one of the inventors of calculus, built the first reflecting telescope and helped establish the field of classical mechanics with his seminal work, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. He was the first to decompose white light into its component colors and gave us the three laws of motion, now known as Newton’s laws.

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