Grammar

Forms such as:

He said that they were there

They think that it is not here

We heard that you bought a house

are called indirect speech. Here are examples which are translations of the sentences above:

Dúirt ségo raibh siad ansin (DOO-irt shay* goh rev SHEE-uhd un-SHIN).

Síleann siad nach bhfuil séanseo (SHEEL-uhn SHEE-uhd nahk* VWIL shay* un-SHUH).

Chualamar gur cheannaigh túteach (K*OOL-uh-muhr gur HYAN-ee too TAHK*).

For the present tense, use "go" or "nach" after the first verb. "Go" introduces an affirmative statement, and "nach" a negative. The first verb can be affirmative I say, you think, etc., or negative, such as: I don't think. It can also ask a question: An ndeir (ner) túgo bhfuil séanseo?, Do you say that he is here?

When "tá" is the second verb, it is in the "bhfuil" form either "go bhfuil" or "nach bhfuil". Both "go" and "nach" eclipse. Study these examples:

Cloisim go mbaineann séa chóta de (KLISH-im goh MWIN-uhn shay* uh K*OH-tuh de), I hear that he takes his coat off.

Deir sénach gceannaíonn sémórán bia (der shay* nahk* gyan-EE-uhn shay* moh-RAW*N BEE-uh), he says that he doesn't buy much food.

Níshíleann sígo ndíolann Seán leabhair (nee HEEL-uhn shee goh NEEL-uhn shaw*n LOU-wir), she doesn't think that John sells books.

Nídóigh liom go n-ólann siad mórán bainne (nee DOH-ee luhm goh NOHL-uhn SHEE-uhd moh-RAW*N BAHN-ye), I don't think that they drink much milk.

Note that when a vowel starts the second verb, you must put an "n" before the vowel, as in "go n-itheann sé" or "nach n-itheann sé".

Drill

Make up a sentence for each of the following combinations:

Deir sé(der shay*) with: go bhfaigheann sí(goh VWEYE-uhn shee), and nach bhfaigheann sí; go nglanann siad (gohng LUHN-uhn SHEE-uhd), and nach nglanann (nahk*-ung LUHN-uhn) siad; go léann sé, and nach léann sé; go míníonn (meen-EE-uhn) séand nach míníonn sé.

Cloisim with: go níonn sé(goh NEE-uhn shay*), and nach níonn sé; go n-itheann sí, and nach n-itheann sí; go bpósann siad (goh BOHS-uhn SHEE-uhd), and nach bpósann siad; go rithimid, and nach rithimid.

Is dóigh liom with: go scríobhann sé, and nach scríobhann sé; go dtéann sé, and nach dtéann sé; go dtagann sé, and nach dtagann sé.

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