GRAMMAR

The saorbhriathar (say*r-VREE-huhr) or free form exists in all tenses. We will study the past tense of it now. In Irish, "It was put on the table" is "Cuireadh (KIR-uh) ar an mbordé. The negative is "Níor (NEE-uhr) cuireadh ar an mbordé", meaning "it was not put on the table". The questions are: Ar (er) cuireadh ar an mbordé?; Was it put on the table?

Nár (naw*r) cuireadh ar an mbordé?; Wasn't it put on the table?

For many verbs, form the past-tense saorbhriathar by adding "_ _ _ adh" or "_ _ _ eadh" to the root, which is the singular imperative. For "tóg", it becomes "Tógadhé(TOHG-uh ay*), meaning "It was taken".

Other examples:

briseadhé(BRISH-uh ay*); it was broken

níor briseadhé; it was not broken

ar briseadhé; was it broken?

tuigeadhé(TIG-uh ay*); it was understood

níor tuigeadhé; it was not understood

nár tuigeadhé; wasn't it understood?

Notice that in this form there is no aspiration by "ar", "níor", or "nár".

The two-syllable second-conjugation verbs, such as "ceannaigh" (KAN-ee), "cosain" (KUH-sin), "oscail" (OH-skil), and "freagair" (FRAG-ir), form the past-tense saorbhriathar a little differently. Learn these examples:

ceannaíodhé(KAN-ee-ohk* ay*), it was bought

cosnaíodhé(KUHS-nee-ohk* ay*), it was defended

osclaíodhé(OHSK-lee-ohk* ay*), it was opened

freagraíodhé(FRAG-ree-ohk* ay*), it was answered

DRILL

Go through a progressive drill with the saorbhriathar of these verbs and words:

dún (doon), an doras; close, the door

cas (KAHS), an cúinne (KOON-ye); turn, the corner

stop (stohp), carr; stop, car

creid (kred), an scéal; believe, the story

mínigh (MEEN-ee), an cheist (hyesht); explain, the question

Examples: Ar dúnadh an doras? Níor dúnadh an doras. Nár dúnadh an doras? Dúnadh an doras.

When you have finished, check your sentences against these key words: casadh, stopadh, creideadh, míníodh (MEEN-ee-ohk*).

COMHRÁ(KOH-raw*)

(The effort to improve television reception continues.)

Pól(pohl): Nábíodh eagla ort (naw* BEE-ohk* AH-gluh OH-ruht). Oibreoidh méan-chúramach (ib-ROH-ee may* AHN-k*oor-uh-mahk*). Don't be afraid. I will work very carefully.

Bláthnaid(BLAW*-nid): Suas leat, mar sin. Tásúil agam -- go bhfuil gach rud i gceart. Up with you then. I hope that everything is in order.

Pól:Is fusa an obair seo -- náan druileáil (DRIL-aw*-il) a rinne mé(RIN-ye may*) -- ar an gcúldoras (GOOL-duh-ruhs) -- anuraidh (uh-NOOR-ee). Níl an t-adhmad seo (TEYE-muhd shuh) chomh crua (hoh KROO-uh) -- agus a bhían t-adhmad sa chúldoras. This work is easier than the drilling I did on the back door last year. This wood isn't as hard as the wood in the back door.

Bláthnaid:Násleamhnaigh, mar sin féin (naw* SHLOU-nee, mahr shin fay*n). Níl móránárachais (AW*-ruh-k*ish) agam ort. Don't slip, just the same. I don't have much insurance on you.

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Irish Lesson 71	\|	Irish Lesson 72

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