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Юриспунденкция

Tone Group V.

TUNES:

1. Rise-Fall + Tail.

2. Rise-Fall only.

3. Low Pre-head + Rise-Fall (+ Tail).

4. (Low Pre-head +) Stepping Head + Rise-Fall (+ Tail).

STATEMENTS.

This tone group implies all the definiteness, finality, etc. associated with the other falling tone groups. It particularly shows that the speaker is greatly impressed, perhaps awed.

Examples:

Have you heard about Pat?	^Yes! \| (It’s scandalous!)
He’s got two wives.	I ^know!

Tone Group V is very often used in echoing an immediately prior remark, in order to show how impressed the speaker is, whether favourably or not.

Examples:

She was wearing purple stockings.	^Purple!
I got two hundred pounds for it.	^Two ^hundred!

The speaker often sounds complacent, self-satisfied, even smug.

Examples:

Are you sure?	^Certain.
It’s absolutely ridiculous.	I ^quite ^agree with _you.
Is that your last word?	I’m a^fraid it ^is.
John’s failed his driving test.	I’m ^not sur^prised.

Tone Group V tends itself especially well to the expression of a challenging or censorious attitude.

Examples:

I don’t like the man.	You’ve ^never even ^spoken to him.
Why don’t you like it?	I ^do.
Jane was terribly upset.	You can ^hardly ^blame her.
He thinks you’re afraid.	He can ^think what he ^likes.

This tone group has an intensifying function very similar to the use of the word even.

Examples:

Do you weigh as much as twelve stone?	^More. (=Even more.)
(It doesn’t need an expert.)	^I could _do it. (=Even I…)
I can’t do it.	You ^aren’t even ^trying. (=…even trying.)

Sometimes the speaker gives the impression of disclaiming responsibility, of shrugging aside any involvement; he emphasizes that he is an onlooker rather than a responsible authority.

Examples:

May I take this chair?	^Certainly.
Can I have a word with you?	By ^all _means.
Do you mind if I join you?	^Not in the ^least.

SPECIAL QUESTIONS.

Tone Group V gives to these questions a note of challenge and antagonism, which is usually equivalent to the word but placed before the question or the word though after it.

Examples:

You could surely find some money somewhere.	(But) ^where?
I know it for a fact.	^How do you _know it, (though)?
He’s rather a nuisance.	^Why not ^tell him _so?
I’m worried about the situation.	^What’s it ^got to ^do with ^you?

As with statements, there is often a disclaiming of responsibility for the situation.

Examples:

I’ve had this pain for days.	^Why don’t you ^do something a_bout it?
Where’s Jane?	How on ^earth should ^I _know?
I can’t understand her.	^Who ^can?

GENERAL QUESTIONS.

Tone Group V is very commonly found with comments of the type below, where it shows that the speaker accepts what has been said and is impressed by it, either favourably or unfavourably.

Examples:

He shot an elephant.	^Did he!
They’ve nowhere to live.	^Haven’t they!

Quite often such comments sound challenging.

Examples:

You can’t do that.	^Can’t I! \| (We shall see about that!)
I’ll punch your head.	^Will you!
You’d better mind your manners.	^Had I!

Negative question forms used exclamatorily again show that the speaker is vastly impressed, favourably or otherwise.

Examples:

What do you think of my roses?	^Aren’t they _lovely!
And this is Charles, the oldest.	^Hasn’t he ^grown!

This tone group is used with question tags when the preceding sense group also has the Rise-Fall as its nuclear tone and the speaker wishes to compel agreement.

Examples:

It’s ^terrible, | ^isn’t it?

You can hardly ^blame her, | ^can you?

With fuller questions Tone Group V puts the matter forward for discussion, with the same challenging, rather antagonistic note as with special questions.

Examples:

Can we afford to buy it?	^Can we af˙ford ^not to?
It’s a faster car.	But ^is it ˙any ^safer?
You certainly ought to sit for the exam.	But ^have I ˙any ^chance of ^passing?
They’re not much good now.	Were they ^ever any _good?

COMMANDS.

The main contribution of Tone Group V with commands is again a matter of shrugging off responsibility, of refusing to be embroiled.

Examples:

Which of these hats shall I buy?	^Please your^self.
My doctor’s useless.	^Try a ^different one.
I hate it, but what can I do?	^Tell them you _hate it.
Could you help?	^You ˙fight your ^own _battles.

The intention of the speaker is not necessarily hostile (though, it obviously may be so), and sometimes he is concerned to refuse credit for his acts.

Examples:

Thank you very much.	^Don’t ^mention it.
May I take this newspaper?	^Do.

INTERJECTIONS.

When the speaker uses Tone Group V with interjections, he sounds greatly impressed by something not entirely expected.

Examples:

You can borrow my Jaguar.	^Thank you.
I’ve got a knighthood.	^Splendid!
Had your twenty first yet?	^Heavens, _yes!
Sally’s just had triplets.	^My ^goodness!

The same is true of greetings, and there may also be a hint of accusation. For instance, Good ^morning suggests in a bantering way that the listener has some explaining to do, perhaps because he is late or because of his conduct the previous night, or for some other reason that his conscience is expected to appreciate.

Assignments:

1. Listen to the recording of the “Jack-Knife” on the tape. Put down the script and intonation marks of the mini dialogues you hear. Figure out what types of sentences the recorded drills are and what attitude do they convey according to the tune they are pronounced with. Prepare test reading of these mini dialogues in pairs.

2. Read the following drills in pairs. Follow the intonation marked in the text. Analyse them from the point of view of their connotations.

Intonation Drills:

STATEMENTS.

Verbal context	Drill
^\Wasn’t it a _good _lecture!	^Very _good.
^How ^much did she ^\give you, _Bobby?	^Sixpence.
You ^won’t ˙tell a ^\soul, \| ^\will you,_John?	^No, Mr. _Harris.
It’s ^rather ^\difficult, \| _/isn’t it?	^Terribly _difficult.
We’re having ^\strawberries for _/tea.	^Strawberries! \| (^Oh, ^good!)
^Have a _\sandwich, _Mary.	^Ham! \| (I a^\dore _/ham.)
^What was the _\food _like?	^Fine.
We’ve ^painted the ^bathroom ^\red.	^Red! \| (Why ^that _colour?)
I ^think ^\I’ll have a _try.	^You! \| (^\/That’s a _new i_dea.)
^Was your ^car _/new \| or ^second _\hand?	^New.
¯Did you _/like it?	Im^mensely.
^What d’you ^think of my ^new ^\dress?	It ^does look _nice.
Did you ^have a ^good _/time?	A ^marvelous _time.
^Three ˙pounds ^\ten I _/paid for it.	It’s a ^bargain, _Jack.
I ^made it with^out ^\sugar.	With^out _sugar! \| (^How did you ^manage ^that?)
^What was the ^\party _like?	^First ^rate. \| I ^don’t know ^when I’ve en_joyed myself so _much.
I can ^\get you one, if you _/like.	^That would be ^wonderful.
We’ll have ^coffee in the _\summer _house.	^Coffee in the ^summer _house! \| (^How _nice!)
It’s ^abso^lutely ri_\diculous.	I ^quite a^gree with you.
^Why didn’t you ^tell me?	I ^thought you ^knew.

QUESTIONS.

Verbal context	Drill
I ^æcan’t ^æsee you to^\/day.	^When, _then?
^Would you ˙mind ^passing the _/book?	^What _book?
I ^know it for a ^\fact.	^How do you _know?
They’ve ^nowhere to ^\live.	^Haven’t they?
What a ^beautiful _\day!	^Isn’t it! \| (^Just like ^summer.)
You’ll ^\have to ac_cept.	^Why?
Well ^borrow a _ruler.	^Whose?
Only ^\/one of them is _yours.	^Which?
I’m ^sending ^\Peter _/this ˙time.	Why ^Peter? \| (^Why not ^Paul?)
I ^couldn’t be ^more _\angry.	But ^why, for _heaven’s _sake?
You ˙don’t know ^what you’re _\talking a_bout.	Oh ^don’t I?
I’m at my ^wits’ _\end.	Could ^I _help at _all?
He ^\/says he’s _interested.	Is he ^really _interested?
I ^won’t ^\hear of your _buying one.	^Why ^not, for _heaven’s _sake?
He’s ^rather a ^\nuisance.	^Why not ^tell him _so?
I’ve ^never ^\seen you so _angry.	^How would ^you have _liked it?
I’m ^\terribly _ıılazy _/these ˙days.	^Aren’t we ^all?
^Should we ˙go _/on?	^Wouldn’t it be ^wiser to ^wait a _while?

COMMANDS.

Verbal context	Drill
D’you ^think they’d _/help me?	^Ask them.
I _ııdon’t ^\want to _play.	^Don’t, _then.
^May I ^take this _/paper?	^Do, my _dear.
¯Could I _/manage it, d’you ˙think?	^Try.
^How do you ad^vise me to ^\get there?	^Fly.
^Who are the ^\flowers _from?	^Guess.
^Wouldn’t you ^like to _/fetch it ˙for her?	No, ^you _fetch it.
^\Don’t look so _ııdisap_/proving.	Be^have yourself, _then.
^May I ^take this ^last _/cake?	^Please ^do.
But I’ve al_ııready ^\seen _that _film.	Pre^tend you ^haven’t, in _that case.

INTERJECTIONS.

Verbal context	Drill
He’s an ^M.^\P. _/now.	^Never! \| (You ^do sur_prise me!)
He ^says it’s ex^\pensive.	^Nonsense!
You can ^have it ^back on ^\Sunday.	^Fine! \| (That’s ^plenty _soon e_nough.)
^Have you ^seen my ^gold _/watch?	^Gosh! \| ^Gold!
^Did you ^pass your e_/xam?	Of ^course!
Will you ^lend a ^/hand, ˙Tom?	With ^pleasure!
He said ^nothing ^more a^\bout it.	How ^very pe^culiar! \| (^He was ˙so ^keen on it.)
He won ^ten ^thousand ^\pounds.	What an ex^traordinary ^piece of ^luck!

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Tone Group IV.	\|	Tone Group VI.

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