The formation of AFO

1) NADPH2 + 2O2 (under infl. Of NADPH-oxydase) à NADP + 2O2• + 2H⁺

2) 2O2• + 2H⁺(under infl. Of SOD) à H2O2 + O2

3) H2O2 + O2• à •OH + ^-OH + O2

4) H2O2 + H⁺+ Cl^-(under infl. Of myeloperoxidase) à HOCl + H2O

5) Arg + NADPH2 + O2 (under infl. Of NO-synthase) à NADP + NO• + Citrulline + H2O

6) NO• + O2 à ONOO• (peroxinitrite that influences on DNA and causes mutations)

The functions and biochemical peculiarities of basophils, eosinophils and monocytes

Basophils: 1) output heparin and histamine; 2) complex antigene-antibody causes the degranulation of basophils (this a way of participation of them in allergy)

Eosinophils: 1) uptake cocci; 2) detoxification of histamine; 3) destroying of toxins and immune complexes; 4) cytotoxic action that means killing of gelmints; 5) participation in allergy

Monocytes: they are converted to macrophages in tissues – 1) recognition of antigenes and formation of immune response; 2) monokins stimulate lymphocytes; 3) proteins of complement system destroy immune complexes; 4) output of blood dissolution factors

The peculiarities of chemical composition and metabolism of lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are divided into B-, T- and N-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes output antibodies. T-lymphocytes are subdivided into T-killers, T-supressors and T-helpers. T-killers and N-lymphocytes causes the lysis of antigenes. T-supressors inhibit the immune response.T-helpers activate immune reactions.

Table 13 Peculiarities of white blood cells

Feature	B	T
Organells	Many	Few
RNA	Many	Few
DNA	Few	Many
Lipoproteins	Few	Many
Sialoproteins	Absent	Many
True glycoproteins	Many	Absent
Lipids	Many	Few

The peculiarities of metabolism of lymphocytes

1) glycolysis prevails in B-lymphocytes; aerobic oxidation of glucose occurs in T-lymphocytes

2) low level of beta-oxidation due to the lack of lipids in B-lymphocytes and enzymes of this process in T-lymphocytes

3) lymphocytes don’t synthesize glucose, FFA and Gln

4) Gln need for function of lymphocytes: glutamine is used in starvation by other tissues and there is a lack of its in the body. it results in decrease of immune reactions

5) Intensive purine’s metabolism

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Biochemistry of white blood cells	\|	Biochemistry of muscular tissue

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