NORMAL AND PATHOLOGIC CONSTITUENTS OF URINE. URINE ANALYSIS – ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Composition of normal urine

A normal urine has approximately the following composition – volume/24hrs – 1500-2000ml; specific gravity – 1.015-1.025; pH=5.0-7.0

Table 14 The chemical composition of urine

Constituents	The quantity of constituent excreted with urine pro daily, in gram.
Dry rest	47-65
I. organic compounds	22-46
1) urea	20-35
2) uric acid	0.3-1.2
3) creatinine	0.5-1.8
4) hippuric acid	0.1-0.2
5) esterosulfuric acids (f.e., indican)	0.01
6) esteroglucuronic acids	Traces
7) stercobilin	Traces
8) aminoacids (2% from all nitrogen of urine)	1.0-1.3
9) organic acids without nitrogen	~ 0.5
10) vitamins, hormones	Traces
II. inorganic constituents	15-25
1) sodium	3-6.0
2) potassium	2-3.3
3) ammonium	0.6-1.3
4) calcium	0.2-0.3
5) magnesium	0.06-0.2
6) chlorides (Nacl)	3.6-9.0
7) phosphates	0.9-1.3
8) sulfates	1.8-3.0

Physical examination

I. Volume

A normal healthy adult excretes about 1500 ml urine in 24 hours, but this is subject to wide physiological variations.

The volume depends on:

(i) amount of fluid taken + “metabolic water” from foods consumed.

(ii) amount lost through extra-renal channels via skin, lungs, and via faeces.

(iii) Temperature and humidity of the atmosphere

(a) Polyuria

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Biochemistry of kidneys	\|	The term polyuria implies an increased volume of urine

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