Inland water fisheries

The Republic of Belarus is a landlocked country. The main rivers are the Dnepr, the Pripyat, the Berezina, the Neman, the Sozh, and the Zapadnaya Dvina. All these, with the exception of Neman and the Zapadnaya Dvina, flow through the Gomel region, where more than 70% of river fish is caught. About 1 400 km of rivers are allocated to fishing.

The fishing is mostly effected by drag nets or seines (up to 80% of all catches); the rest is taken in fixed nets, drift nets and traps. There are no fixed sites, but fishing is carried out by teams of 4–10 men moving from site to site. Based on licences issued for industrial fishing in rivers and lakes as of 1 September 2003 there were 270 such groups. The main species caught (60–80%) is Abramis brama, followed by Blicca bjoerkna, Rutilus rutilus and Perka fluviatilis; with small quantities of Lota lota, Esox lucus, Lucioperca lucioperca, and Anguilla anguilla.

The largest lakes are Naroch (7 960 ha), Osveya (5 815 ha), Chervonoye (4 375 ha), Lukomlskoye (3 642 ha), Drivyaty (3 374 ha), Neshcherdo (2 857 ha), Vygonovskoye (2 596 ha) and Selyava (2 507 ha). Up to 70% of fish comes from lakes. The species, gear and fishing methods are the same as in the rivers.

Aquaculture

The output of pond fish peaked in 1990, at 16 300 t, of which 90% was carp. Since then, production volumes have fallen significantly, reflecting the increasingly difficult economic situation, and particularly the price increases for fuel and energy-intensive inputs, such as fish feed.

The main aquaculture units are located in Gomel, Minsk and Vitebsk regions. The farms are either state owned (under the Ministry of Agriculture) or joint stock companies in which the government has a shareholding.

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