Types of connection between an apposition and its headword

From the point of view of their relation to the headword, appositions, like attributes, are subdivided into non-detached (close) and detached (loose) ones.

Non-detached appositions

Non-detached appositions form one sense group with their headword and very often enter into such close relation with it that the two words form one whole. This is especially true in the case of titles, military ranks, professions, kinship terms, geographical denotations, etc., used as apposition: Sir Peter, Mr Brown, Doctor Watson, Colonel Davidson, Uncle Podger, Mount Everest, the River Thames.

In these word-groups the noun modified is the name of a person or a geographical name, the first component is a common noun in apposition.

Note: in case the common noun is preceded by a possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, it becomes more important and acquires a stronger stress. Consequently the relation between the components of the word group is reversed. The first component is modified by the name of a person or a geographical name which is in apposition: that boy Peter, the city of London.

Detached appositions

Detached, or loose appositions form separate sense groups and are wider in their meaning than close appositions: they may give identification, explanation, etc., especially when referring to pronouns. They may follow the headword immediately or be separated from it.

Cooper was three inches taller than Mr Warburton, a strong, muscular young man.

An apposition may also refer to a clause or a sentence, usually as an explanatory remark.

The night was muggy, a bit drizzly, windless, and very dark - the ideal conditions for a gas bombardment.

THE ADVERBIAL MODIFIER

The adverbial modifier (or the adverbial) is a secondary part of the sentence which modifies another part of the sentence expressed either by a verb (in a finite or non-finite form), or an adjective, or a stative, or an adverb.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
THE APPOSITION	\|	Ways of expressing adverbial modifiers

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