Transformational model.

IC analysis is supplemented with rules for transforming1 S into another. It shows how kernel Ss can be transformed into that great variety of Ss we produce. The transformational sentence model – worked out by Chomsky + Harris. This approach is independent of structural linguistics though it originated from it. But it is a separate school. This model investigates relations between various derivation trees. It shows that the pattern of any sentence is derived of this or that basic syntactic pattern called kernel sentence. The model uses the concept of derivation on the syntactic level. Kernel sentences are elementary sentence models whose structure can’t be derived from other more elementary constructions. Chomsky singled out 7 kernel sentences in English: NV – John came. NV p N – John looked at Mary. NVN – John saw Mary. N is N – John is a doctor. N is p N – John is at table.

N is D(adv) – John is out. N is A – John is angry. These sentences used to build more complex pattern constructions called transforms. To build them 4 transform rules are used: 1) permutation 2) substitution 3) adjunction (дополнение) 4) ellipsis (опущение). Nouns can be extended by various determinants: articles, pronouns. Verbs – by adverbs. Separate kernel sentences can be combined and altered with the help of the following transformations: negative, interrogative, interrog-negative, passive. EX: John ate the bananas. John didn’t eat the bananas. Did John eat the bananas? Did John not eat the bananas? The bananas were eaten by John. EX: The old man saw a black dog. – deep structure derived from kernel sentences: The man saw a dog. It was there. The man was there. The dog was black. The man who was old saw a dog there. This model can be used to differentiate the structure. EX: John is easy to please – It’s easy/ X pleases John. John is eager to please – John is eager/ John pleases X. This model enables us to differentiate homonymous constructions. EX: Flying planes can be dangerous – Planes fly. These models give rules to generating sentences.

<== попередня сторінка	\|	наступна сторінка ==>
Man \| saw	\|	Semantic structure of the S.

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