Вправа № 6

Перепишіть та перекладіть письмово 1-3 абзаци тексту.

Пояснення до тексту:

to trace – стежити, знайти сліди purpose – ціль obligation – зобов’язання evidence – свідчення sacred – священний vessel – судно, корабель

out of curiosity – із цікавості to entail – спричиняти, викликати laborious – важкий, напружений extant – наявний, існуючий eponymous - однойменний to occur – траплятись, відбуватись

1. The earliest forms of travel can be traced at least as far back as the Babylonian and Egyptian empires, some three millennia BC, but these originated for business purposes rather than leisure. People travelled largely out of obligation, for reasons of government administration, trade or military purposes. However, there is also evidence of significant movements of religious tourists to the sites of sacred festivals, from very early on.

2. Leisure travel took a little longer to develop. It is traceable to as far back as c. 1500 BC, when the Egyptians began to travel to visit their pyramids, partly for reasons of religion but largely out of curiosity or for pleasure. Most travel, however, entailed very little pleasure and was viewed as a stressful necessity by travellers. Indeed, the origin of the word ‘travel’ is to be found in its earlier form of travail – literally, a painful and laborious effort.

3. Even earlier than this, around 1900 BC, we find the first extant example of Western travel literature – the classic Epic of Gilgamesh. In it, the eponymous hero king is obliged to travel as both a challenge and an educational experience – perhaps the first example of what became known much later as the Grand Tour.

4. While some limited travels along the coasts and rivers of those ancient empires must have occurred even earlier than these dates, travel was greatly facilitated when shipwrights first designed vessels capable of travelling safely and relatively comfortably over open water some time after 3000 BC. These would primarily have been used to carry freight, but would also have been capable of carrying a limited number of passengers.

5. One of the earliest recorded journeys for the purposes of tourism was that of Queen Hatshepsut, from Egypt to the land of Punt (now Somalia) in around 1490 BC.

Вправа № 7

Дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту.

1. Why did the earliest forms of travel originate?

2. When did leisure travel start its development?

3. What is the origin of the word ‘travel’?

4. When was travelling facilitated?

ВАРІАНТ 2

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