Lesson 7

I. Read the text: Programming technology and creation of software product.

Software is the essential key to enable the working of any computer system. Creating software involves using the right programming language that will enable the hardware to work efficiently, thus achieving the goals that are assigned to it. The process of software creation goes through SDLC in which it is guaranteed that the software is appropriately tested and that it meets the requirements of the client. The following are the stages through which the software goes through:

- Planning: The conceptualization of the software is brought about particularly with regard to the purpose of the software.

· Analysis: The Software engineer has to understand the requirements of the software and whether or not the software meets the standards of the client.

· Design: A basic blueprint of the software is made so as to gain an understanding of what the software will encompass.

· Development: The coding of the software is typed by the programmer and software engineer. Thus the software is brought about.

· Testing: The software is tested for any fault in order to ensure quality.

· Implementation: The software is loaded into the system to check its overall operability.

· Maintenance: Any errors and problems that may occur during the functioning of the software are immediately rectified, ensuring the quality of the software.

Creating software involves various phases or cycles which are called Software Development Life Cycles (SDLC). SDLC enable the software engineer, client, tester and consumer to configure in the right kind of software that is needed for a particular purpose. A software can be created for various services which include; insurance, banking, tourism, hotel management and other important industries.

Since the 1950s, computer scientists have devised thousands of programming languages. Many are obscure, perhaps created for a Ph.D. thesis and never heard of since. Others became popular for a while then faded due to lack of support or because they were limited to a particular computer system. Some are variants of existing languages, adding new features like parallelism- the ability to run many parts of a program on different computers in parallel.

The first generation of codes used to program a computer, was called machine language or machine code, it is the only language a computer really understands, a sequence of 0s and 1s that the computer's controls interprets as instructions, electrically. The second generation of code was called assembly language, assembly language turns the sequences of 0s and 1s into human words like 'add'. Assembly language is always translated back into machine code by programs called assemblers. The third generation of code, was called high level language or HLL, which has human sounding words and syntax (like words in a sentence). In order for the computer to understand any HLL, a compiler translates the high level language into either assembly language or machine code. All software programming languages need to be eventually translated into machine code for a computer to use the instructions they contain.

As the end user you do not see the code used to create computer software programs. However, you do use the results and the end products of today's software programming are soft programs that are easy to use by the consumer.

Reverse engineering is the process of taking a software program apart and analyzing it with the intention to construct a new program that does the same thing without actually copying anything from the original and avoiding copyright or patent infringement.

http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/software.htm

http://ezinearticles.com/?Strategic-Product-Creation-Software-Creation-Guide&id=673603

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-system-programming.htm

Ex.1. Answer the questions:

1. Software is the essential key to enable the working of any computer system? 2. What does creating software involve?.3. What are the stages through which the software goes through? 4. What does maintenance involve? 5. What enables the software engineer, client, tester and consumer to configure in the right kind of software that is needed for a particular purpose? 6. What was the first generation of codes used to program a computer called? 7. What is reverse engineering?

Ex.2.Match the right part with the left:

1. Assembly language is always translated back into machine code ….	a…. thousands of programming languages.
2. . Creating software involves using the right programming language that will enable ….	b…. for a computer to use the instructions they contain.
3. The Software engineer has to understand the requirements of ……	c… by programs called assemblers.
4. Since the 1950s, computer scientists have devised ….	d….. the hardware to work efficiently, thus achieving the goals that are assigned to it.
5. All software programming languages need to be eventually translated into machine code ..	e…. the software and whether or not the software meets the standards of the client.

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