The Essence of Information Technologies

Вступ

Економічні тексти та практичні завдання з навчальної дисципліни „Англійська мова” (тема „Використання сучасних ІТ технологій у підприємницькій діяльності”) розроблені з метою надання студентам необхідного текстового матеріалу з поданої теми та стимулювання розвитку навичок читання, письма й говоріння англійською мовою в економічній сфері.

Подані тексти та завдання розроблено для студентів усіх напрямів підготовки всіх форм навчання.

Дана робота зібрана з використанням англомовних автентичних джерел і складається з 6 розділів: the Essence of Information technologies, the Role of IT in Business, Types of IT Technologies, Information Systems, Computer Software, Computer Graphics. Методичні рекомендації відповідають темі „Використання сучасних ІТ технологій у підприємницькій діяльності” (Модуль 3. Ринки та економіка) програми нормативної дисципліни “Англійська мова” (за професійним спрямуванням).

Тексти, подані у збірнику, містять загальні економічні поняття за темою „Використання сучасних ІТ технологій у підприємницькій діяльності” програми нормативної дисципліни „Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням)” і надають можливість студентам за допомогою автентичної літератури за фахом поглибити свої знання й удосконалити провідні компетенції, висвітлені в Рекомендаціях Ради Європи з мовної освіти. Кожний розділ складається з підрозділів, що включають необхідний лексичний мінімум, передтекстові завдання та післятекстові завдання, які дозволяють розвивати та поглиблювати мовленнєві навички студентів. Також увагу приділено роботі в парах та невеликих групах. Саме цей різновид вправ вдосконалює навички говоріння за зазначеними вище темами. Завдання розроблені на основі поетапного засвоєння знань, що дає змогу досягти поставленої мети.

У методичній розробці враховано нові вимоги до вивчення іноземної мови, що зазначені як у програмі дисципліни, так і Рекомендаціях Ради Європи з мовної освіти.

Unit 1

The Essence of Information Technologies

1. Share your opinion with your partner. What do you think about:

A. What are IT technologies?

B. What do you know about the origin and the process of development of information technologies?

C. What are the main purposes of information technologies?

2. Read the words from the text and find them in the appropriate paragraphs. Match the words with their definitions.

1) information system	a) the process or skill of dealing with or controlling the data or information
2) software	b) a system of connecting a number of computers and other devices so that equipment and information can be shared
3) to convert	c) an important discovery or development
4) data management	d) to send an electronic signal, radio or television broadcast
5) to transmit	e) the conditions in business that affect its development
6) to retrieve	f) to perform a series of operations on data in a computer
7) networking	g) the programs, etc. used to operate a computer
8) to process	h) an organized set of information or data
9) breakthrough	i) to find and get back data or information that has been stored in the memory of a computer
10) business environment	j) to change or make something change from one form or system to another

3. Skim the text and give the title to each paragraph.

4. Read the text and think of the main point made by the writer.

(1) Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information. Today, the term information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term is more recognizable than ever before. The information technology umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems. When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology, or "infotech". Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information. Presumably, when speaking of information technology as a whole, it is noted that the use of computers and information are associated.

(2) The right tool can make your job easier; the wrong technology can leave you without resources such as time and money but still strapped with the same problems. While products promising to ease all IT pains often don't deliver, well-chosen tools help simplify IT management, align business goals to network projects and ensure secure operations under even the most dynamic conditions. The promise of good technology drives network pros to look for innovative tools that will advance the business. Yet that requires they also wade through the sea of useless, inane and in some cases absurd technologies clouding their view and muddying their decisions.

(3) IT technologies are the motive power for various branches of the economy, as well as for social and even political development of the country. The companies developing Intelligent products act as customers for the educational system. Accumulation of intelligence and knowledge is the main task the solution to which will enable a breakthrough of Intelligent production. IT business is extremely interested in the creation of an intelligent solution, as well as its reasonable protection on the national market and expansion to the external market. If there's no contradiction between the state's and IT's business goals, the IT companies will eagerly back up the state's initiatives and contribute to development of the legislative base and creation of the business environment.

(4) Many businesses supplement each other and form the general chain of values. Here the IT is the necessary condition of the effective interaction. It is very important today for the information technologies not to restrain but to help the companies to develop in three directions: assortment, territory and processes. But the main problem at the early stage is that the business development strategy is not formed clearly enough and as a consequence there is the absence of clear demands to IT. However, despite this fact there is the common strategy of development of IT. The first step, which can be called “formation” is the realization of strict centralization on IT management, organization of stable level of technical support for the users, the choice of the suitable methodology of task solution. At the second step called “laying the foundation” the modernization of the technical infrastructure starts and corporative services are developed. At the same time business analysts make their work more active. Their main task is to clear up business processes, their structurization, correction of organization structures and writing the regulations. At the third step of “business development” the infrastructure evolution continues, the role of local business IT-teams strengthens and the quality of technical support raises.

(5) Some of the technologies have established their place in the enterprise and others are still working to gain widespread recognition, but each technology enhances the environment in its own way. The technologies introduce intelligence and efficiency into operations, give the business an edge with IT know-how or bring fluid security to a mercurial environment.

5. Define whether the following statements are true or false. Give the correct answer.

1. Information technologies are used only in data processing, not for its storing and transmitting .

2. While converting and transmitting data It deals with computers and applications.

3. Management and administration are not included in the fields IT cover.

4. IT always leave you without time and money because you have to do manual calculations.

5. Many branches of the economy to increase their efficiency have IT as a driving force.

6. Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner.

1. How is information technology defined by the Information Technology Association of America?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of information technologies?

3. What fields do information technologies cover?

4. Can you give any examples of using IT in economy?

5. What is the main problem when applying IT in business?

6. What are the stages of IT development?

7. How would you define the Intelligent product?

7. Translate paragraph 2 into your native language.

8. Think of five areas in which the companies using IT manufacture their products.

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