Assignment

Discuss the following questions

1. The definition of intonation. The components of intonation:

a) sentence-stress, types of sentence-stress;

b) melody;

c) pausation and tamber;

d) rhythm and tempo.

2. The definition and general characteristics of the syntagm. Terms synonymous to syntagm.

3. The elements of the intonation structure of a syntagm.

a) the prehead, types of preheads;

b) the head, types of heads;

c) the nucleus, the main nuclear tones, the nucleus and the communicative centre of a syntagm;

d) the tail, types of tails.

4. Unemphatic and emphatic intonation.

5. Functional characteristics of intonation.

6. The application of the knowledge about the intonation structure of English in teaching.

Comment on the following terms

1. Intonation, pitch (speech melody), pitch direction, pitch level, pitch range, pitch angle (rate), sentence stress, syntagm stress (unemphatic stress, normal sentence-stress); syntagmatic stress (primary sentence-stress), syntactic stress (subsidiary sentence-stress), logical stress, emphatic stress, unmarked (normal) position of syntagmatic stress, marked (special) position of syntagmatic stress, the end-focused nucleus, the contrastive-focused nucleus, full stress, partial stress, tambre, tempo, rhythm, stress group (accentual group, pause group, breath group, rhythmic group), prosodic nucleus, proclitics, enclitics, pausation, syntactic (temporal) pauses, emphatic pauses, hesitation pauses, breathing pauses, unfilled pauses, filled pauses.

2. Syntagm (intonation group, sense-group, breath-group), intonation pattern, pre-head, low pre-head, high pre-head, rising pre-head, head (body, scale), ascending scale, descending scale, level head, stepping head, falling head, sliding head, scandent head, rising head, special (accidental) Rise, Upbroken Descending Head, nucleus, focal point of a syntagm, communicative center, level tone, moving tone, simple tone, complex tone, Low-Fall, Low-Rise, High-Fall, High-Rise, Fall-Rise, Rise-Fall, High-Level, Mid-Level, Low-Level, tail, level tail, rising (ascending), falling (descending) tail, terminal tone.

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Functional characteristics of intonation.	\|	Explain what is meant by the following statements

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