Input/output (I/O)

I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals.On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve as both input and output devices. Computer networking is another form of I/O.

Often, I/O devices are complex computers in their own right with their own CPU and memory. A graphics processing unit might contain fifty or more tiny computers that perform the calculations necessary to display 3D graphics.Modern desktop computers contain many smaller computers that assist the main CPU in performing I/O.

Input:

1) Text input devices;

2) Keyboard - a device to input text and characters by depressing buttons (referred to as keys or buttons);

3) Pointing devices;

4) Mouse - a pointing device that detects two dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface;

5) Optical Mouse - uses light (laser technology) to determine mouse motion;

6) Trackball - a pointing device consisting of an exposed protruding ball housed in a socket that detects rotation about two axes;

7) Touch screen - senses the user pressing directly on the monitor;

8) Gaming devices:

9) Joystick - a hand-operated pivoted stick whose position is transmitted to the computer;

10) Game pad - a hand held game controller that relies on the digits (especially thumbs) to provide input;

11) Game controller - a specific type of controller specialized for certain gaming purpose;

12) Image, Video input devices;

13) Image scanner - a device that provides input by analyzing images, printed text, handwriting, or an object;

14) Web cam - a video camera used to provide visual input that can be easily transferred over the internet;

15) Audio input devices;

16) Microphone - an acoustic sensor that provides input by converting sound into electrical signals:

Output:

1) Printer - a device that produces a permanent human-readable text of graphic document;

2) Dot Matrix Printer;

3) Laser Printer;

4) Diode display;

5) OLED - Organic Light-Emitting Diode;

6) Monitors;

I. Answer the questions:

1. What’s the personal computer hardware?

2. What is the main component inside the case?

3. What is a power supply unit (PSU)?

4. What kind of input devices do you usually use?

5. What kind of output devices do you usually use?

II. Pick out the basic information of every paragraph.

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Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)	\|	Lesson 3

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