Read and translate the text B.

LEARNING FOR LIFE.

The time and energy devoted to developing the abilities and confidence of young people amounts to an investment of inestimable value to Britain’s future.

In general, the Government is keen to establish more vocational qualifications at colleges in order to ensure that there is greater orientation towards skills which will help to equip young people for working life. Administered by Employment Department, the Government’s Technical and Vocational Education Initiative (TVEI) is aimed at equipping young people in full-time education in colleges for working life by relating their learning to the world of work. Under the TVEI programme young people can study for vocational diplomas and certificates from BTEC (Business and Technology Education council, RSA (Royal Society of Arts), city and Guilds and SCOTVEC (Scottish Vocational Education Council). BTEC, city and Guilds, RSA and other vocational qualifications prepare young people for work in various occupations such as business, engineering, administration, catering and tourism.

Vocational qualifications are being reformed into National Vocational Qualifications (NVQS) and General NVQS (GNVQs). NVQs are designed mainly for people in work, although they can be taken at colleges and at some schools. They are divided into units of study, including work experience, and provide students with evidence of occupational competence in a specific field. Students can build up NVQ units at their own pace, with no time limit-which makes them flexible for training people at work or about to start work. GNVQs, introduced from September 1992, are designed primarily for young people in full-time education in schools and colleges.

They are a vocational alternative to “A” levels and offer a broad-based vocational education for a range of related jobs within an occupational area such as business, art and design or health and social care. They also provide a ladder towards higher levels of study, including higher education, and to employment.

Youth Training (YT) provides vocational education and training for 16 and 17 year olds although young people up to the age of 25 may be considered), to supply better qualified young entrants to the labour market. Youth Training programmes were established by the Government as a means of helping young people to gain vocational experience through training which can lead to National Vocational Qualifications at level II and above. The Government guarantees a place on the scheme to everybody under 18 who is not in full-time education or in work. Youth programmes, which include the Youth Credits initiate, cover a wide range of vocational skills from hairdressing to engineering, and a large percentage of trainees are able to find work once they have completed a Youth Training course.

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