Thanksgiving (the last Thursday of November) (2693)

Almost every culture in the world has held celebrations of thanks for a plentiful harvest. The American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago.

In 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the Atlantis Ocean to settle in the New World. This religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separate from it. The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. Their first winter in the New World was difficult. Half the colony died from disease.

The following spring, the Iroquois Indians taught them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists, how to hunt and fish.

In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley, beans and pumpkins were harvested. The colonists had much to be thankful for. So a feast was planned. They invited the local Indians brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists. The colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the Indians. To this first Thanksgiving, the Indians had even brought popcorn.

After the United States became an independent country, Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving, for the whole nation to celebrate. The last Thursday in November was proclaimed as a day of thanksgiving.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have. In this spite of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in needs; particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.

Turkey, corn pumpkins and cranberry sauce are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving. Now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday decorations and greeting cards.

The use of corn meant the survival of the colonies. "Indian corn" as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season.

Sweet-sour cranberry sauce was on the first Thanksgiving table, and is still served today. The cranberry is a small, sour berry. The Indians used the juice to dye their rigs and blankets. They taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener and water to make a sauce. The Indians called it "ibimi" which means "bitter berry". When the colonists saw it, they named it "crane-berry" because the flowers of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled the necked bird called a crane.

In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgiving night. The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians' role in the first Thanksgiving 350 years ago. Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians. In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to cook those foods. Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived.

Check your comprehension.

1. How did the American Thanksgiving holiday begin? 2. When did the boat with the English sail across the Atlantic Ocean? 3. Why did the people leave their Motherland for the New World? 4. Why was the first winter in the New World so difficult for the settlers? 5. Who taught the first settlers to survive in the New World? 6. How did the Indians help the new settlers survive? 7. Why did the settlers decide to make a feast in autumn? 8. Whom did they invite for their feast? 9. What did the settlers thank the Indians and God for? 10. How do people celebrate Thanksgiving Day today?

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