British population.Demographic trends

Britain has a population of about 59 million people, the 17^th largest in the world. The great majority, 49.3 million, live in England; Scotland has just over 5 million people, Wales 2.9 million and Northern Ireland about 1.7 million. England is the most densely populated, with 373 people per sq km, and Scotland the least, with 67 people per sq km. In 1997 there were 726,000 live births in Britain, compared with 633,000 deaths. The birth rate is relatively low at 12.3 live births per 1,000 population. Life expectancy for men in Britain is about 74 years and for women 79 years. The general death rate is 10.4 per 1,000 of the population. There are 309,000 marriages each year in Britain, of which about 40 per cent are remarriages of one or both parties. Of the population ages 16 or over in England and Wales 55 per cent are married, 28 per cent are single, 9 per cent are widowed and 8 per cent are divorced. The average age for first marriages in England and Wales is now 29 for men and 27 for women. In England and Wales there are about 14 divorces for every 1,000 married couples. The average age of spouses at the time of divorce is now about 38 for men and just over 35 for women. About 14 per cent of non-married men and women aged 16 and over in Great Britain are cohabiting. The personal development and informal social education of young people aged 11-25 is also promoted by the Youth Service in Britain. A recent survey estimated that nearly 6 million young people in this age group are either current or past participants in the Service. Youth clubs may be branches of national or international bodies or they may be entirely local institutions. The age distribution of the British population in mid-1990 was estimated as follows: 20.2 per cent under 16 years of age; 64.1 per cent between 16 and 64 years; 15.7 per cent aged 65 and over.Some 18 per cent of the population were over the normal retirement ages (65 for men and 60 for women) compared with 15 per cent in 1961.There is ratio of about 105 females to every 100 males. There are about 5 per cent more male than female births every year. Because of the higher mortality of men at all ages, however, there is a turning point, at about 50 years of age, beyond which the number of women exceeds the number of men. This imbalance increases with age so that there are many more women among the elderly. The density of population in Britain is well above the European Community average of about 145 per sq km. increase in the rate of retirement migration has also occurred, the main recipient areas, where in some towns the retired constitute over one-quarter of the population, being the south coast of England and East Anglia.

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The Norman c.	\|	Ethnic minorities.

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