The major features of English Versification

Versification is the art of writing verses. It is the imaginative expression of emotion, thought, or narrative, mostly in metrical form and often using figurative language. Poetry is actually the earliest form of literature, and was creat-ed precisely to be spoken - in the days before many could read. In the English language the basic system of versification is known as accentual-syllabic. In this system the constituents of the fundamental pattern of versification are the number of syllables to the line of verse and the arrangement of these syllables according to whether they are pronounced with a greater or lesser degree of energy–that is, whether they are accented or unaccented. Thus, in English poetry of almost all periods, the verse structure is created both by the fixed or varying numbers of syllables per line and by the constant alternation of accented and unaccented syllables in definite, recurring sequences within each line. The main concepts of versification are rhyme and rhythm. Rhyme is the accord of syllables in words: fact - attract, mood - intrude; news - refuse. Such an accord is met at the end of two parallel lines in verses. Rhyme is a sound organizer, uniting lines into stanzas. Rhyme is created according to several patterns. Vertically, there are such rhymes: adjacent (aa, bb), cross (ab, ab) and reverse (ab, ba). According to the variants of stress in the words being rhymed, rhymes are classified into male (the last syllables of the rhymed words are stressed), female (the next syllables to the last are stressed) and dactylic (the third syllables from the end are stressed). Rhythm is a recurring stress pattern in poetry. It is an even alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. Lines in verses are built with poetic feet. A foot is a combination of one stressed and one or two unstressed syllables. The most popular poetic feet are trochaic foot, iambus, dactyl, amphibrach, and anapest, stanza (when the pattern of rhymes, or rhyme scheme, extends beyond two or sometimes three lines, the entire group of rhymed lines is called a stanza).

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