Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices

Syntactical stylistic devices add logical, emotive, expressive information to the utterance regardless of lexical meanings of sentence components. There are certain structures though, whose emphasis depends not only on the arrangement of sentence members but also on the lexico-semantic aspect of the utterance. They are known as lexico-syntactical SDs.

Antithesis: opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. (In marriage is up keep a woman is often downfall for a man. Youth is lovely - Age is lonely.)

Climax: arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of ascending power. Last emphatic word in 1 phrase or clause is repeated as the 1^st emphatic word of the next. (He worked hard, read a lot, made tests & then won the Noble Prize)

Anticlimax: when tension grows, but in the end we have an unexpected result.

Simile: explicit comparison between 2 things using 'like' or 'as'. (My love is like a red rose. Sly as a fox, busy as a bee.)

Litotes: the way of expressing double negation. (Not so impossible. Not too bad)

Periphrasis is a very peculiar stylistic device which basically consists of using a roundabout form of expression instead of a simpler one, i.e. of using a more or less complicated syntactical structure instead of a word. Depending on the mechanism of this substitution, periphrases are classified into figurative (metonymic and metaphoric), and logical. The main function of periphrases is to convey a purely individual perception of the described object. To achieve it the generally accepted nomination of the object is replaced by the description of one of its features or qualities, which seems to the author most important for the characteristic of the object, and which thus becomes foregrounded.

The often repeated periphrases become trite and serve as universally accepted periphrastic synonyms: "the gentle / soft / weak sex" (women); "my better half (my spouse); "minions of Law" (police), etc.

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