Introduction.

Functional Styles of the English Language.

Plan.

Introduction.
The Belles-Lettres Style.

Language of poetry.

2.1.1. Compositional patterns of rhythmical arrangement.

2.1.2. Lexical and syntactical features of verse.

Emotive prose.

Language of the drama.

Publicistic Style.

Oratory and speeches.

The essay.

Journalistic articles.

Newspaper Style.

Brief news items.

Advertisements and announcements.

The headline.

The editorial.

Scientific Prose Style.

The Style of Official Documents.

Introduction.

Functional styles should be distinguished from varieties of language. The main difference is that the written and oral varieties of language are merely forms of communication which depend on the situation in which the communication is maintained, i.e. on the presence or absence of an interlocutor, whereas FSs are patterns of the written variety of language calculated to secure the desired purport of communication. Each FS of the literary language makes use of language means, the interrelation of which is peculiar to the given FS.

Each FS, however, can be recognized by 1 or more leading features. For instance, the use of special terminology is a lexical characteristic of the FS of scientific prose, and one by which it can easily be recognized. The address “Dear sirs” will be a signal to refer the message to the FS of official documents.

However, as any FS presents a system in which various features are mixed in a particular manner, one group of language means, a leading feature though it may be, will not suffice to determine the FS, as

a FS is a patterned variety of literary text characterized by the greater or lesser typification of its constituents, supra-phrasal units (SPU), in which the choice and arrangement of interdependent and interwoven language media are calculated to secure the purport of the communication.

Each FS is a relatively stable system at the given stage in the development of the literary language, but it changes form one period to another. Therefore FS of language is a historical category. For instance, the FS of emotive prose actually began to function as an independent style after the 2^nd half of the 16^th century; the newspaper style budded off from the Publicistic style; the oratorical style has undergone considerable fundamental changes, and so with other FSs.

The development of each style is influenced by the changes in the norms of standard English and in social conditions, by the progress of science and the development of cultural life in the country. For instance, the emotive elements of language were often used in scientific prose in the 18^th century. It was due to the fact that scientists in many fields used the emotional language instead of one more logically precise and convincing, because they lacked the scientific data obtainable only by deep and prolonged research.

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