The notion of literacy

Literacy, in the traditional sense, is considered as possessing the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and speak. In modern contexts, the word refers to the ability to communicate and take an active part in a particular society (Street, 2003; Freebody, 2007). In addition, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has defined "Literacy" as “the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, compute and use printed and written materials associated with varying contexts” (UNESCO, 2011, p. 1). The meaning of literacy continues to evolve as the technologies that drive it continue to expand. To be literate today requires more than just being able to read and write, but also requires the flexible and sustainable mastery of a repertoire of practices with the texts of traditional and new communications technologies toward literate thought and recognition of it in societal norms” (Freebody, 2000).

Furthermore, literacy is seen as an important weapon because it is a tool of personal empowerment and a means for social and human development, a human right, and educational opportunities depend heavily on literacy (UNESCO, 2011). Literacy is also considered as an essential stick since basic education equips pupils with literacy skills for life and further learning. Therefore, literate parents are more likely to send their children to school; literate people are better able to access continuing educational opportunities; and literate societies are better geared to meet pressing development (UNESCO, 2011; Street, 2003).

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