An integrated circuit, also called a "microchip" or "chip," is a thin slice of silicon packed with microscopic circuit elements such as wires, transistors, capacitors, and resistors. It was developed in 1958 by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and independently by Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor. Integrated circuits enabled the equivalent of thousands of vacuum tubes or transistors to be packed onto a single miniature chip about the size of your fingernail, reducing the physical size, weight, and power requirements for devices such as computers. Computers became ever smaller as more components could fit onto the chip. More information about the IC chip can be found at the Smithsonian Institute's Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation.
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