A Definition of Public Speaking

In public speakinga speaker presents a relatively continuous message to a relatively large audience in a unique context. Like all forms of communication, public speaking is transactional: each element in the public speaking process depends on and interacts with all other elements. For example, the way in which you organize a speech will depend on such factors as the speech topic, the specific audience, the purpose you hope to achieve, and other variables.

Especially important is the mutual interaction and influence between speaker and listeners. True, when you give a speech, you do most of the speaking and the listeners do most of the listening. However, the listeners also send messages in the form of feedback – for example, applause, bored looks, nods of agreement or disagreement, and attentive glances. The audience also influences how you'll prepare and present your speech. It influences your arguments, your language, your method of organization, and, in fact, every choice you make. You would not, for example, present the same speech on saving money to high school students as you would to senior citizens.

APPREHENSION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING

Being fearful of giving a public speech is perfectly normal. Everyone experiences some degree of fear in the relatively formal public speaking situation. After all, in public speaking you're the sole focus of attention and are usually being evaluated for your performance. So experiencing fear or anxiety isn't strange or unique.

Before beginning the actual speech preparation process, let's look first at fear of public speaking, or what is now called communication apprehension.People experience apprehension in all forms of communication (as illustrated throughout this text), but public speaking apprehension is the most common.

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