Classification

Taking into account mainly the degree of idiomatically phraseological units may be classified into 3 big groups.

1. Phraseological fusions.

2. Phraseological. unities.

3. Phraseological collocations.

1. Phraseological fusions are completely non-motivated word-groups, such as red tape –“ bureaucratic methods”; heavy father – “serious or solemn part in a theatrical play”; kick the bucket – “die”; and the like.

The meaning of the components has no connections whatsoever, at least synchronically, with the meaning of the whole group. Idiomaticity is, as a rule, combined with complete stability of the lexical components and the grammatical structure of the fusion.

2. Phraseological unities are partially non-motivated as their meaning can usually be perceived through the metaphoric meaning of the whole phraseological unit. For example, to show one’s teeth, to wash one’s dirty linen in public if interpreted as semantically motivated through the combined lexical meaning of the component words would naturally lead one to understand these in their literal meaning the metaphoric meaning of the whole unit, however, readily suggests “take a threatening tone” or show an intention to injure for show one’s teeth and discuss or make public one’s quarrels, for wash one’s dirty linen in public.Phr. units are as a rule marked by a comparatively high degree of stability of the lexical components.

3. Phraseological collocations are motivated but they are made up of words possessing specific lexical valency, which accounts for a certain degree of stability in such word-groups. In phr. collocations variability of member-words is strictly limited. For instance, bear a grudgemay be changed into bear malice,but not into bear a fancyor liking. We can say take a liking (fancy), but not take hatred (disgust). These habitual collocations tend to become kind of cliches. Where the meaning of member words is to some extent dominated by the meaning of the whole group.

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