SUMMARY

This unit explained the elements, purposes, and types of human communication that we'll focus on throughout the rest of this book.

1. Communication is the act, by one or more persons, of sending and receiving messages that are distorted by noise, occur within a context, have some effect (and some ethical dimension), and provide some opportunity for feedback.

2. The universals of communication – the elements present in every communication act – are context, culture, source-receiver, message, channel, noise, sending or encoding processes, receiving or decoding processes, feedback and feedforward, effect, and ethics.

3. The communication context has at least four dimensions: physical, social-psychological, temporal, and cultural.

4. Culture consists of the collection of beliefs, attitudes, values, and ways of behavior shared by a group of people and passed down from one generation to the next.

5. Communication competence is knowledge of the elements and rules of communication, which vary from one culture to another.

6. Feedback is information or messages that are sent back to the source. It may come from the source itself or from the receiver and may be characterized along such dimensions as positive and negative, person-focused and message-focused, immediate and delayed, low-monitored and high-monitored, and supportive and critical.

7. Feed forward messages preface other messages and may be used to open the channels of communication, to preview future messages, to disclaim, and to alter cast.

8. Communication messages may be of varied forms and may be sent and received through any combination of sensory organs. The communication channel is the medium through which the messages are sent.

9. Noise is anything that distorts a message; it's present to some degree in every communication transaction and may be physical, physiological, psychological, or semantic in origin.

10. 10.Communication always has an effect. Effects may be cognitive, affective, or psychomotor.

11. Ethics in communication consists of the Tightness or wrongness the morality of a communication transaction. Ethics is integral to every communication transaction.

12. Communication is a transactional process in which each person simultaneously sends and receives messages.

13. Communication is multipurposeful; we use communication to discover, relate, help, persuade, and play.

14. The major types of human communication are intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, public, mass, and intercultural communication.

15. The major skills to be learned here include self-presentation, relationships, interviewing, group interaction and leadership, and presentation.

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