A related distortion is allness:forgetting that language symbolizes only a portion of reality, never the whole. When you assume that you can know all or say all about anything, you're into allness. In reality, you never can see all of anything. You never can experience anything fully. You see a part, then conclude what the whole is like. You have to draw conclusions on the basis of insufficient evidence (because you always have insufficient evidence). A useful extensional deviceto help combat the tendency to think that all can or has been said about anything is to end each statement mentally with et cetera – a reminder that there's more to learn, more to know, and more to say and that every statement is inevitably incomplete. Of course, some people overuse the "et cetera." They use it not as a mental reminder but as a substitute for being specific. This obviously is to be avoided and merely adds to the conversational confusion.
To avoid allness, recognize that language symbolizes only a part of reality, never the whole. Whatever someone says – regardless of what it is or how extensive it is – represents only part of the story.
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