Detached Construction (вставные предложения)

Sometimes one of the secondary parts of a sentence by some specific consideration of the writer is placed so that it seems formally independent of the word it logically refers to. Such parts of structures are called detached.

The detached part being torn away from its referent assumes a greater degree of significance and is given prominence by intonation. "She was lovely: all of her- delightful."(Dreiser)

Detached constructions in their common forms make the written variety of language akin to the spoken variety where the relation between the component parts is effectively materialized by means of intonation. Detached construction becomes a peculiar device bridging the norms of written and spoken language. This SD is akin to inversion. The functions are almost the same, but detached constructions produce much stronger effect. "Daylight was dying, the moon rising, gold behind the poplars"

(Galsworthy).

A variant of detached construction is parenthesis (вставка). Parenthesis is a qualifying, explanatory or appositive word, phrase, clause, sentence or other sequence which interrupts a syntactic construction without otherwise affecting it, having often a characteristic intonation and indicated in writing by commas, brackets, dashes.

Parallel Constructions

Parallel Constructions is a device which may be encountered not so mush in the sentence as in the macro-structures dealt with earlier, viz. the SPU and the paragraph. Parallel constructions are often backed up by repetition of words (lexical repetition) and conjunctions and prepositions (polysyndeton).

"Our sense percieves no extremes. Too much sound deafens us; too much light dazzles us; too great distance or proximity hindars our view"

Chiasmus (Reversed Parallel Construction)

Chiasmusbelongs to the group of SD based on the repetition of a stylistic pattern, but it has a cross order of words and phrases. The structure of two successive sentences or parts of a sentence may be described as reversed parallel construction, the word-order of one of the sentences being inverted as compared with that of the other. "Down dropped the breeze, The sails dropped down." (Coleridge).

As it can be seen from the examples, chiasmus can appear only when there are two successive sentences or coordinate parts of the sentence. This device is effective in that it helps to lay stress on the second part of the utterance.

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