FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Fibrous connective tissue consists of cells and intercellular substance. Intercellular substance, in its turn, consists of amorphous ground substance and fibres.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS

Fibroblasts.These are the most numerous cells of connective tissue. They produce intercellular substance. They are not mobile. Their outlines are indistinct.

Histiocytes (macrophages).Free wandering cells, derived from immigration of monocytes from the blood. They are capable of ameboid movement, and have ability to phagocytose unwanted material. The outline of histiocytes is conspicuous.

Pigment cells.Pigment cells are easily distinguished as they contain brown pigment (melanin) in their cytoplasm. Of the many cells that contain pigment in their cytoplasm only a few are actually capable of synthesizing melanin. Such cells are called melanocytes.

Fat cells (adipocytes).Some cells store fat in large amounts and become distended with it. These are called fat cells, adipocytes, or lipocytes. Aggregations of fat cells constitute adipose tissue.

Plasma cells or plasmatocytes.Plasma cell is small and rounded. It can be recognized by the fact that the chromatin in its nucleus forms four or five clumps near the periphery (of the nucleus) thus giving the nucleus a resemblance to a cart-wheel. The cytoplasm is basophilic, the basophilia is seen to be due to the fact that the cytoplasm is filled with rough endoplasmic reticulum, except for a small region near the nucleus where a well developed Golgi complex is located.

Both these features are indicative of the fact that plasma cells are engaged in considerable synthetic activity. They produce antibodies which may be discharged locally; may enter the circulation; or may be stored within the cell itself in the form of inclusions called Russell’s bodies.

INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE

There are two main types of intercellular substance: amorphous (nonformed) and fibrous (formed).

Amorphous intercellular substances.The amorphous materials of connective tissue are composed principally of glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins.

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