Linguistic processes in grammar.

In morphological study, the same linguistic processes must be noted as in the study of sentences, notably the processes called selection, arrangement and modification. In framing any sentence we select from a number of possibly entities. If we produce sentences in an SVO language like English, we select a noun or a nounlike element for the S and O. Similarly, in producing forms, such as mailbag, we select from a set of possibilities, such as –man to make the form mailman or –box to make mailbox. Selection, or determination of the entities to be used in any syntactic or morphological construction, is one of the basic syntactic processes. Because the possibilities are taken from sets known as paradigms, the process of selection is often referred to as one carried out on the paradigmatic plane.

Besides selecting the proper entities, we must arrange them in accordance with the specific relationships maintained in a language. In an English statement the subject precedes the verb. And in noun phrases, articles and other modifiers precede nouns. Similarly, in English compounds like mailbag, the modifier precedes the element modified. We refer to the sequencing in syntactic constructions as arrangement or order. The process of arrangement is often referred to as one carried out on the syntagmatic plane.

In arriving at sequences, we may modify the entries selected. The syntactic process of changing items in accordance with their surroundings is known as modification.

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