Substantivation

Substantiation is the process in which adjectives (or participles) acquire the pajadjgm and syntactic functions of nouns [A>N]. It is distinguished two main types of substantivation: complete and partial. Completely substantivized adjectives have the full paradigm of a noun (singular and plural case forms, definite and indefinite articles, demonstrative and possessive pronouns).

e.g. adj. native (рidний) > п. a native, the.native, 2 natives, a native's character (уродженець)

In the case of partial substantivation adjectives fall into several structural-semantic groups:

1. Partially substantivized adjectives (PSA) or participles which are singular in form though plural in meaning. They are used with the definite article and denote a group or a class of people. e.g. the rich, the English, the blind, etc.

2. Partially substantivized adjectives used mostly in the plural and denoting a group or a class of people.

3. Partially substantivized adjectives used mostly in the plural and denoting inanimate things.

, e.g. sweets, ancients,, eatables, etc.

4. Partially substantivized adjectives presenting properties as substantive abstract notions.

e.g. the goods, the evil, the beautiful, the singular, etc.

5. Partially substantivized adjectives denoting languages.

e.g. English, German, Ukrainian, Italian, etc.

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