Translate the following definitions in written form.

Appraisal well– a well drilled in a relatively explored area to survey its geological structure and oil and gas bearing prospects.

Bottom hole– bottom of a well, the point to which a well is drilled.

Bottom hole assembly– combination of tools run in the hole. These tools are screwed together and thus can be used for a few operations without pulling out of the hole (for example, casing scraper can be combined with a mill, etc.).

Bottom hole engine drilling– a method of rotation drilling in which drilling string is not rotated and rock is destructed by rotating shaft with a bit on its end.

Complete a well– perform a series of operations in order to turn a well into production including perforating jobs, formation stimulation and initialization of flow.

Core well– a well drilled to identify prospect areas and prepare them for exploration drilling.

Crown block– a device on the top of the derrick that provides a means of taking drill line from the hoisting drum to the traveling block.

Derrick– a structure above the well used for drilling string tripping, location of stands and protection of drilling crew against wind and precipitation.

Deviated well– a well drilled at an angle to stratification.

Directional drilling– controlled drilling at an angle to stratification.

Double– two lengths (joints) of pipe joined together.

Drilling– a process of well construction by means of rock destruction with a bit.

Drill line– a wire rope made up of a number of strands wound around a steel core, used to lift or lower drill pipe.

Elevators– a device that is attached to the bails of the traveling block and used to grip joints. Elevators manually are latched on a pipe body under its collar after which the pipe can be lifted or lowered.

Exploratory well– a pilot well drilled in an area with identified commercial oil and gas bearing capacity to survey size and structure of formations, obtain required initial data to calculate oil and gas reserves and design its development.

Injection well– a well drilled to inject into pay zones water (air, steam, gas) in order to maintain formation pressure and prolong flowing period of field development, increase rate of production wells equipped with pumps.

Inclinometer– a device that tells the driller the angle of the hole and the direction in which the hole is heading.

Kelly bushing– the part of the drive assembly which transmits motion to the kelly and permits the kelly to move vertically while it is rotating or still. All vertical measurements on the rig are taken from the RKB (rotary kelly bushing).

Key well– a well drilled in an unexplored with drilling area to survey composition and age of rocks.

Kick-off point– the point at which a directional well is started.

Liner– lower narrow part of production casing. Liner diameter is smaller than that of production casing because during drilling a well bore diameter is made smaller with depth to increase efficiency of drilling progress.

Make up a connection– to screw the next drill pipe into the drilling string to continue drilling.

Mechanical drilling– a type of drilling when drilling tools directly impact the rock.

Mousehole– a shallow cased hole close to the rotary table. When making up a string, each single is stood here so that it can be connected quickly and easily to the kelly.

Non-mechanical drilling– a type of drilling when rock destruction occurs without direct impact of drilling tools on the rock.

Observation well– a well drilled to control development of commercial value formations.

Production well– a well drilled in compliance with the plan of formation development to produce oil and gas.

Roller-cutter bit– a drilling bit with working elements in the form of disc rollers with sharp pins often made of diamonds. Three roller-cutters on the bit can simultaneously rotate thus increasing adhesion of the bit with the drilled rock.

Rotary drilling– a method of rotation drilling in which rock is destructed by rotated by rotor drilling string with a bit on its end.

Rotary table– a piece of equipment used to transfer rotary motion through a master bushing to the kelly, to drill pipe and, eventually, to the drill bit.

Rotation drilling– a method of drilling in which rock destruction occurs as a result of simultaneous impact of load and torque on the bit.

Spinner– a device used for screwing in and screwing out pipes during pipe tripping. The lower part of the spinner holds the lower pipe and is called a back-up, while the upper part grips and rotates the upper pipe. The spinner has two gears and is operated by power supplied from the rig engine.

Spud– to drill the first few feet of a new hole.

Stabilizer– a centralizing element of the drill string used to maintain central position of the drill string in the most important intervals of the wellbore.

Stand– a double or a triple, two or three joints connected together. When tripping pipe stands are put vertically in the derrick. Use of stands instead of joints saves time on making up connections.

Swivel– a piece of equipment used to prevent the rotary motion of the kelly (or drill string) from being transferred to the drilling line.

Traveling block– a device that has several independently mounted sheaves or pulleys and used to lift and lower elevators.

Triple– three lengths (joints) of pipe joined together.

Turbodrill– a multistage turbine downhole engine used for rotary drilling, each stage of which consists of a stator rigidly connected to the body and a rotor fixed on the turbodrill shaft.

Well deviation– change of drilling direction in order to reach target.

Wildcat– a single well drilled to find new commercial depositions of oil and gas.

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