ENGLISH CONSONANTS

(CONSTRICTION – a narrowing made in the vocal tract, in order to produce a speech sound.

OBSTRUENT – sounds made with a constriction: plosives, fricatives, affricates)

All consonants have certain properties in common, which identify them in contrast to vowels. From a phonetic point of view, they are articulated in one of two ways: either the vocal tract is so constricted (narrowed) that there is audible friction, or the vocal tract is totally blocked. The constriction (closing) may involve the lips, the tongue, or the throat. From a phonological point of view, they are units of the sound system which typically occupy the edges of a syllable, as in DOGS and GLAD. Consonants may appear in sequences (clusters). Some consonants have no vocal cord vibration (VOICELESS consonants as /p t/), they are produced with force and are called FORTIS, or strong. Other consonants involve the vibration of the vocal cords (VOICED consonants as /b d/), they are produced with less force and are termed LENIS, or weak.

Four principal questions for English consonants 1. Place:Bilabial, Labiodental, Dental, Alveolar, Palatal, Velar, or Glottal? 2. Closure (constriction);Stop, Fricative, Affricate, Nasal, Lateral, or Approximant? 3. Larynx:voiceless or voiced?4. Nose:oral or nasal?

As for the vowels, the empty cells in the table represent possible speech sounds that are not used in English.

Each consonant in the table can be uniquely described by answering the four questions. For example: [m] = voiced nasal bilabial stop; [l] = voiced oral alveolar lateral; [k] = voiceless oral velar stop

PLACE (Place of articulation - where the vocal tract is constricted and the sound is made):

Не знайшли потрібну інформацію? Скористайтесь пошуком google:

Генерація сторінки за: 0.005 сек.